Acute toxicity in five dogs after ingestion of a commercial snail and slug bait containing iron EDTA

This case series of five dogs describes the effects of ingesting large amounts of an iron EDTA snail-bait product. In all cases signs of toxicity occurred between 6 and 24 h after ingestion and included abdominal pain and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Two of the dogs had pretreatment serum iron levels measured and in both cases the levels were above normal limits. All of the dogs were treated with iron chelation therapy and supportive care including intravenous fluids, analgesics, gastric protectants and antibiotics. Chelation therapy with desferrioxamine mesylate did not cause adverse effects in any of the dogs and all survived to discharge. The effects of iron EDTA snail bait in dogs requires further study and minimum toxic doses need to be established.     

磁小体研究进展

趋磁细菌（magnetotactic bacteria, MTB）能够在细胞内合成由生物膜包裹的纳米级磁铁矿粒子-磁小体(magetosome)。磁小体的合成过程尤其是铁离子的反应途径及吸收转运受到严格的生物调控。磁小体完美的晶体结构使其在医学成像、磁介导热疗、药物输送等众多领域都有良好的应用价值。主要对磁小体矿化过程中铁的反应途径和吸收转运系统做一综述,并介绍了磁小体在上述等方面的应用,对未来的研究方向做了展望。     

Iron and/or acid foliar spray versus soil application of Fe-EDDHA for prevention of iron deficiency in Valencia orange grown on a calcareous soil

A two-year experiment was conducted in an iron(Fe)-deficient orchard with calcareous soil to find out an alternate method for soil application of Fe ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA) in orange trees. Foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (5 g l^?1, pH = 7.8), sulfuric acid (pH = 3), citric acid (5 g l^?1, pH = 2.4), Fe (II) sulfate solutions (250, 500, and 750 mg Fe l^?1) with their initial pH (6.5, 6.35, and 6.12) and reduced ones to pH of 3 were compared with soil applied (75 g tree^?1) Fe-EDDHA and a control test. Although optimum chlorophyll content, leaf Fe concentration, fruit quantitative and qualitative attributes were resulted from soil application of Fe-EDDHA, repeated sprays of Fe-EDDHA or acidified Fe solutions created suitable results. Acidification of Fe solutions made them more effective in alleviation of leaf Fe concentration and Fe chlorosis, probably due to remobilization of inactive Fe within the plant and prevention of Fe oxidation and precipitation in foliar solutions.     

Stabilization of lead in two artificial contaminated calcareous soils using stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron particles with/without chelating agents

Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVIs) have been used as the stabilizing materials for remediation of heavy metals (HMs). The usage of nZVIs in the presence of oxygen is a challenging task. When this material comes in contact to air, immediately oxide formation takes place. Thus, preparation of air-stable nZVIs is necessary for successful remediation process. Therefore, the present study has attempted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of synthesized nZVIs, including nZVI_EDTA (stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), nZVI_DTPA (stabilized by diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid) and nZVI (without chelating agent), to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in two Pb-spiked soils. Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with additives at the rates of 0.5% and 2% (W/W) for 90 days. The efficacy of nZVIs was evaluated by desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. According to the results, addition of nZVI_EDTA, nZVI_DTPA and nZVI significantly decreased Pb release by 70.1–86.4%, 56.5–70.6% and 24.3–49.2%, respectively. Among the three kinds of nZVIs, nZVI_EDTA was the most effective treatment in decreasing desorption and mobility factor of Pb. In practice, all three kinds of nZVIs are effective in Pb immobilization, while application of nZVI_EDTA at the rate of 2% was the best treatment to immobilize Pb in polluted soils.     

Effectiveness of Fe3+-citrate and Fe3+-edta in ameliorating arsenic-toxicity (chlorosis) in hydroponic rice

Effectiveness of iron (Fe³⁺)-citrate and Fe³⁺-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in reducing arsenic (As)-toxicity in rice was evaluated. The treatments: 1) 0 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (control), 2) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (As-treated), 3) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-citrate (additional Fe³⁺-citrate), and 4) 13.4 µM As + 10 µM Fe³⁺-citrate + 40 µM Fe³⁺-EDTA (additional Fe³⁺-EDTA) were studied for 14 days. Chlorosis was found in the young leaves of the As-treated plants. Additional Fe³⁺-citrate failed to remediate the chlorosis, however, additional Fe³⁺-EDTA removed the chlorosis almost completely, indicating that the effectiveness of Fe³⁺-EDTA was much higher than Fe³⁺-citrate. The Fe³⁺-EDTA treated plants were greener than the additional Fe³⁺-citrate treated plants. Iron concentration in the shoots of additional Fe³⁺-EDTA plants was much higher than that of additional Fe³⁺-citrate plants, indicating that Fe³⁺-EDTA might have been more readily available to the plants roots than Fe³⁺-citrate.     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.     

影响橡胶树容器苗缺铁黄化的因素及矫正技术

对影响橡胶树容器苗缺铁黄化的几个因素进行了研究,并使用不同补铁方法对缺铁黄化进行矫正效果比较。结果表明：缺铁黄化全年均可发生,以高温季节发生严重;培养土配方塘泥/园土=1/4（V/V）能减轻黄化;砧穗组合东方93-114/云研77-4对缺铁最敏感;使用0.2%螯合铁灌根矫正效果较好。     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

长庆原油脱水过程W/O型乳状液的形成与特性

长庆油田油气储运系统沉降罐内油水过渡层加厚,导致净化油含水过高,影响原油正常生产.以长庆靖安油田脱水过程中沉降罐内产生的中间层乳状液为对象,借助显微镜、色谱、X射线衍射仪和X射线能谱仪等技术手段,研究其宏观特性及其分离出的水、油和固相的特性,揭示中间层乳状液的形成机制及其物理特性的影响因素.测试结果：分离出的水中硫质量浓度为35.82 mg/L、总铁45 mg/L,硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）含量为104～105个/mL,污水粒径中值为85.63 μm,沥青质/胶质质量分数为3.78％,固体中FeS含量较高.结果表明：联合站上游集油系统腐蚀严重,乳状液中原油老化严重,固体物质除了因腐蚀而产生的FeS外,还有大量伴随原油开采地层中的石英、长石和粘土等矿物.（表3,图7,参6）     

中低渗油藏调驱用纳米聚合物微球的稳定性能评价

本文针对纳米微球调剖的要求,通过分散稳定实验和粒径的电镜分析对三种反相微乳液制备的微球进行了筛选,并对选定的MG-50型微球进行热稳定性实验和剪切稳定性实验。结果表明,MG-50型微球在地层水和注入水中长期分散稳定,22 d粒径膨胀倍数高达7倍,分布范围大;0.3%MG-50微球乳液注入低渗透填砂管在85℃放置三个月封堵率仍在75%以上,但是强度下降,易破碎;流变性测量表明该乳液剪切变稀, 结合Darcy公式和Poiseuille定律计算了体系不同速率下注入低渗岩心的剪切速率,结果显示剪切速率对的阻力系数影响不大,即该体系有较好的抗剪切作用。