毛乌素沙地苔藓结皮的野外人工培育技术

[目的]探索影响毛乌素沙地人工培育苔藓结皮的关键因子及其最优组合,为该区土地荒漠化的治理提供理论支持。[方法]利用正交试验设计方法,考虑遮阳、覆膜、营养液、浇水频率4个因子,分析不同因子对苔藓结皮株密度和生物量的影响。[结果](1)除Knop营养液外,遮阳、覆膜、浇水频率对苔藓结皮株密度、生物量有显著影响。(2)遮阳、覆膜、营养液、浇水频率4个因素对不同指标的影响顺序不同。(3)就株密度而言,野外培养最优条件为遮阳、不覆膜、Knop营养液和高频率浇水。就生物量而言,苔藓结皮野外培育最优因素组合为遮阳、覆膜、Knop营养液和高频率浇水。[结论](1)在野外苔藓结皮培育过程中遮阳、覆膜、浇水频率对结皮生长都有显著影响。(2)在提供适宜的生长条件的前提下,在干旱半干旱地区进行苔藓结皮人工培育是可行的。     

肚倍蚜,美灰藓最佳生态条件与肚倍基地建设

肚倍蚜，美灰藓最佳生态条件研究表明，由光照强度、湿度以及风速等因素决定的环境是制约肚倍丰产、稳产的关键；据此对肚倍基地建设提出若干建议。     

草地生物土壤结皮

生物土壤结皮是由隐花植物与土壤中的细菌、真菌以及土壤颗粒结合形成的复杂生物覆盖体,它们广泛分布于世界上各草地类组中,在改善生态环境和防治草地退化方面起到了积极的作用。多年来,国内外学者就相关问题开展了大量的研究,但总体来说,主要研究仍集中在对其功能和作用的认知方面,而对全球变化背景下生物土壤结皮的演变以及它们维护生态系统稳定性机理方面的研究还十分欠缺。本文综述了国内外该领域的现有研究成果,讨论了目前研究的不足以及未来的研究方向,以期促进生物土壤结皮相关研究,加深对草地生态系统土壤演替过程的认识。     

夏季高尔夫球场果岭青苔的综合防治措施

总结了国内外夏季高尔夫球场常用的几种防治果岭青苔的措施,究其发生源头,寻其生长机理,实现预防控制相结合,以期为草坪总监提供借鉴。     

油菜花果期以持续受渍为特征的排水控制指标试验研究

为了探索易涝易渍地区作物排水管理 ,以地下水动态指标 SEW3 0 反映作物的受渍程度 ,利用测坑和小区试验研究了油菜花果期持续受渍对产量和含油量的影响。研究表明 ,持续受渍对产量的影响远比含油量大 ,因此 ,宜以产量作为油菜排水控制指标的选择依据。统计分析表明 ,持续受渍程度 SEW3 0 与作物相对产量 Ry 之间有极显著的线性负相关关系。以 SEW3 0 作为评价作物持续受渍的指标 ,以作物减产 10 %～ 15 %作为选择排水指标的尺度 ,油菜花果持续受渍下的排水控制指标宜取 80～ 12 0 cm· d。     

不同品种柑橘叶际真核生物多样性及 青苔病原差异分析

柑橘青苔病是一种普遍发生且危害严重的病害?本试验选择3个甜橙品种和3个杂柑品种为研究对象, 在重庆忠县和开州分别采集有病症和无病症的叶片样品共24份, 利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对两地不同品种柑橘叶际真核生物的群落组成?结构及差异进行分析?结果表明, 24份柑橘叶片样本共检测到491个OTUs, 多样性较为丰富?柑橘叶表真核生物的优势属为枝孢菌属 Cladosporium, 橡胶藻属 Heveochlorella, 杯梗孢属 Cyphellophora, Parastagonospora 等?有病症组中丰度显著高于无病症组的物种包括不可培养的球藻uncultured Apatococcus?黄绿异小球藻 Heterochlorella luteoviridis?海南橡胶藻 Heveochlorella hainangensis?无柄杯梗孢 Cyphellophora sessilis?椭圆球藻 Chloroidium ellipsoideum 和胶孢炭疽菌 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 它们可能与柑橘青苔的发生密切相关?不同品种和不同区域的12份有病症组叶样中优势菌群的组成结构及丰度均存在较大差异?柑橘青苔病的发生可能是由多种绿藻及病原真菌复合侵染造成的, 青苔侵染对柑橘叶际真核生物群落结构有很大影响, 不同品种及地区间柑橘叶片受青苔侵染后的叶际优势菌群特征有差异?     

Initial Carbon Storage in New Tephra Layers of Mt. Talang in Sumatra as Affected by Pioneer Plants

To date, no global data on carbon sequestration at the initial weathering phase of tephra deposits are available. To study carbon storage in the new volcanic deposit, tephra layers were reconstructed for a period of 46 months. The tephra samples were collected immediately after eruption of Mount (Mt.) Talang on 12 April 2005, over portions of the Solok District in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pot experiments were filled with and without soil materials and covered with the collected tephra. The pot experiments were conducted in a wired house. The tephra was applied in 0, 2.5 and 5 cm depths to simulate natural tephra deposition. Every day 250 ml of filtered water was added and allowed to percolate. Solid fraction from the tephra layer was collected and analyzed at regular intervals and primary plant succession was observed over a period of 4 years. After 2 months, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) started to colonize the bare surface tephra layer to form an algae mat. After 16 months, the surface was transformed into a green biofilm of lichen. Vascular plants (grasses and shrubs) started to be established after 2 years. Total carbon (TC) content of the tephra layer was increased significantly from 0.19 to 1.75% or eight times higher after 46 months of incubation. Higher TC storage was found in the 2.5 cm compared to that of the 5.0 cm tephra layer, which was reconstructed above the soil, with values of 1.75 and 0.89%, respectively. On the contrary, lesser amount of TC was accumulated in the single tephra layer (without soil underneath). Between 71 and 90% of TC was considered as total organic carbon (TOC). The labile organic carbon (LOC) content in the 2.5 cm and 5.0 cm of tephra layer was found to be 0.22 and 0.77%, respectively, at the end of incubation. This experiment confirmed the potential of tephra to capture carbon from the atmosphere with the help of nonvascular plants and then by vascular plants and finally sink them in the tephra layer.     

Water repellency and pore clogging at early successional stages of microbiotic crusts on inland dunes,Brandenburg, NE Germany

Biological soil crusts play a key role for hydrological processes in many open landscapes. They seal the topsoil and generate surface run-off. Utilization of the mineral substrate at early stages of microbiotic crusts was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water repellency indices were measured using the ethanol/water microinfiltrometer method, and steady state water flow was determined on the dry crusts and after 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 s of wetting, thus allowing to follow pore clogging through swelling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It was found that water repellency increases with initial crust development where filamentous cyanobacteria and filamentous green algae were dominating, but decreases as coccal algae, bryophytes and fungi associated with bryophytes emerged. Swelling of EPS took place immediately after wetting, and its influence on steady state water flow was most pronounced when filamentous cyanobacteria and algae partially filled in the matrix pores and enmeshed sand grains, still leaving micropore channels available for free water infiltration, but prior to appearance of coccal algae, bryophytes and associated fungi which formed a dense cover on the surface. It was concluded that a new phase of crust succession was accompanied by easier wettability but slower infiltration. Transition from hydrophobicity to pore clogging as ruling mechanisms causing water run-off may occur during wetting of individual biological crusts, but also during crust succession over time.     

笃斯越橘与落叶松、苔藓的种间关系问题及研究展望

文章从我国笃斯越橘生长环境及其与落叶松和苔藓间组成的森林群落的种间适生环境的互创、土壤养分积累及养分供应、菌根作用、化感作用以及群落更新等生态学角度进行综述和分析,以期为今后笃斯越橘资源的合理保护与研究提供理论参考.     

打顶去苔对不同产地续断产量和品质的影响

目的:探讨在不同地区,打苔与不打苔处理对五鹤续断根的产量和品质的影响。方法:通过观察和试验比较同一地区打苔与不打苔的续断根的形态特征以及其主要成分含量的区别,同时将不同地区不同处理后的结果进行分析比较。结论:打苔处理后根会长得更粗壮,产量会增加,可溶性糖的含量也会增加,蛋白质和氨基酸的含量会下降。在鹤峰五里地区的续断根的产量和化学成分的含量都较高,而建始龙平地区的续断根的产量和化学成分的含量都较低。