D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.     

大野荞种子中的谷草转氨酶同工酶研究

为研究大野荞的遗传变异及其与栽培荞麦的关系,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,以甜荞(Fagopyrumesculetun)和苦荞(F.tataricum)为对照,对大野荞(F.megaspartanium)不同收集系合计24份栽培和野生荞麦种子的谷草转氨酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明:谷草转氨酶同工酶酶带共8条。不同物种的酶带数为3～6条,甜荞和苦荞分别有3条和4～5条,其特征谱带分别为GOT-2和GOT-1。而大野荞有3～6条,18个大野荞收集系可分为3类:类I,含甜荞特征谱5GOT-2,不含苦荞特征谱5GOT-1,绝大多数大野荞收集系(W1～W8、W10～W13、W15、W17、W18)是这种类型;类Ⅱ,含苦荞特征谱5GOT-1,但不含甜荞特征谱5GOT-2,仅包含原产湖北和湖南的收集系W9和W14;类Ⅲ为既含苦荞特征谱5GOT-1,也含甜荞特征谱5GOT-2,包含的大野荞收集系为原产湖南的W16。试验所用的3个荞麦种类(甜荞、苦荞、大野荞)几乎都含有谱带GOT-4和GOT-5。结果显示,大野荞遗传多样性相对较丰富。     

损毁弓状核对大鼠骨微构筑学的影响

目的研究损毁大鼠下丘脑弓状核(ARC)对骨微构筑学的影响。方法新生雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠12只,用同窝对照的方法,按体质量从轻到重编号,用抽签法随机分为实验组和对照组,每组6只。实验组大鼠于出生后第1、3、5、7、9天皮下注射10%谷氨酸单钠(MSG)4g/kg B.W,对照组同法注射等体积生理盐水。各组大鼠皆存活至200d,以3%戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉,用4%多聚甲醛经左心室行全身灌注,取脑作下丘脑弓状核冠状面切片,HE染色。取各组大鼠左侧胫骨,用2.5%戊二醛固定,然后将胫骨近端作矢状面锯开,用作扫描电镜研究。另取右侧胫骨和第四腰椎,常规脱钙,石蜡包埋,矢状面连续切片,胶原特殊染色,用于显示骨小梁结构。用图象分析仪对弓状核正中隆起切面和骨组织进行照片和计量。结果MSG大鼠弓状核神经细胞数量显著减少,骨的微构筑学出现明显破坏,发生了明显骨质疏松。结论(1)损毁大鼠下丘脑弓状核可导致骨微构筑学明显破坏,出现明显骨质疏松,首次命名为大鼠脑源性骨质疏松。(2)ARC参与骨代谢的调控。     

Research on Glutamate Synthase Activity in Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) under Different Levels of Nitrogen

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＧｌｕｔａｍａｔｅＳｙｎｔｈａｓｅＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎＳｕｇａｒＢｅｅｔ（ＢｅｔａＶｕｌｇａｒｉｓＬ．）ｕｎｄｅｒＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＬｅｖｅｌｓｏｆＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎＹａｎＧｕｉｐｉｎｇ,ＭａＦｅｎｇｍｉｎｇ,ＬｉＷｅｎｈｕａａｎｄ...     

Protective Effects of Marine Alkaloid Neolamellarin A Derivatives against Glutamate Induced PC12 Cell Apoptosis

Marine alkaloids obtained from sponges possess a variety of biological activities and potential medicinal value. The pyrrole-derived lamellarin-like alkaloids, especially their permethyl derivatives, show low cytotoxicity and potent MDR reversing activity. Neolamellarin A is a novel lamellarin-like alkaloid which was extracted from marine animal sponges. We reported the synthetic method of permethylated Neolamellarin A and its derivatives by a convergent strategy in 2015. In 2018, we reported the synthesis and the neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells of 3,4-bisaryl-N-alkylated permethylated Neolamellarin A derivatives. In this report, another series of 15 different 3,4-bisaryl-N-acylated permethylated Neolamellarin A derivatives were synthesized, and the outstanding protective effects of these compounds against glutamate induced PC12 cell apoptosis were presented and discussed. These Neolamellarin A derivatives which possessed low cytotoxicity and superior neuroprotective activity may have the potential to be developed into antagonists against glutamate induced nerve cell apoptosis.     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸缓解猪肠道氧化应激的研究进展

肠道是机体内外环境的交汇点,易受外界环境变化诱导产生活性氧自由基,严重时造成机体氧化还原系统失衡,从而诱发肠道氧化应激。N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)是N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)的结构类似物,可以促进肠道内源精氨酸的合成。近些年研究发现,NCG在缓解猪肠道氧化应激和维持肠道健康方面发挥重要作用。本文综述了NCG缓解猪肠道氧化应激的作用机制,也为NCG在缓解生猪氧化应激上的应用提供参考。     

Enhancement of spinosad toxicity to<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cydia pomonella</Emphasis> neonates by monosodium glutamate receptor agonist

Recently, we reported that monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a feeding stimulant and an enhancer of pesticide toxicity against neonates of the codling moth. Herein, we show that a MSG alternative,trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACBD), alone or in the presence of spinosad (Success®), increases leaf tissue consumption by codling moth neonates. In contrast to MSG,trans-ACBD maintains its feeding stimulatory properties in the field even after 20 mm of simulated rain, and effectively increases spinosad efficacy in both laboratory and field experiments.     

鸭肉中谷氨酸含量的可见-近红外光谱测定研究

为实现鸭肉中谷氨酸含量的快速测定,提出了利用可见-近红外光谱结合PCA、BP神经网络来建立鸭肉中谷氨酸含量测定的定量分析模型.采集试验首先采集光谱范围在350～1800nm的鸭肉可见-近红外反射光谱,并在430～1000、1001～1400和430～1400nm 3个光谱范围内分别用一阶导数(FD)、二阶导数(SD)、...     

谷氨酸对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪肠道能量代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究谷氨酸(Glu)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肠道能量代谢的影响。选择24头断奶仔猪分为4个组,分别为对照组、LPS组、LPS+1.0%Glu组和LPS+2.0%Glu组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。于试验第28天,试验组猪注射100μg/kg BW LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,4 h后屠宰,取肠道样品待测。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,LPS刺激导致断奶仔猪空肠三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、腺苷酸池(TAN)含量和能荷(EC)显著降低(P0.05),一磷酸腺苷(AMP)/ATP值显著升高(P0.05);与LPS组相比,LPS+2.0%Glu组显著提高了空肠ATP、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和TAN含量(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,LPS刺激导致断奶仔猪回肠柠檬酸合成酶和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶系活性极显著降低(P0.01),空肠α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶系活性有降低趋势(P=0.092);与LPS组相比,除LPS+1.0%Glu组回肠柠檬酸合成酶活性显著降低(P0.05)外,Glu对空肠和回肠三羧酸循环关键酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,LPS刺激导致空肠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC1α)及回肠沉默信号调控因子1(Sirt1)和PGC1α的mRNA表达量极显著降低(P0.01);与LPS组相比,LPS+2.0%Glu组有提高空肠PGC1α(P=0.067)和回肠Sirt1(P=0.053)mRNA表达量的趋势,LPS+1.0%Glu组有提高回肠Sirt1 mRNA表达量的趋势(P=0.070)。由此可见,Glu可以改善LPS刺激导致的肠道能量损耗状态。     

甜菜谷氨酸合成酶活性与块根产量、含糖率的相关性分析

采用双丰16(偏丰产型)和甜单1号(偏高糖型)两个甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)品种作为试材,在5个氮素水平(0、60、120、180和240 kg.hm-2)下,研究甜菜功能叶片与块根中谷氨酸合成酶(glutamate syn-thase,GOGAT)在生育进程中的活性变化动态及其与块根产量、含糖率和产糖量的关系。结果表明:在不同氮素水平下,两个品种功能叶片和块根的GOGAT活性均呈双峰曲线变化,两峰值分别出现在6月下旬和8月下旬,其中,功能叶GOGAT前一峰值高于后一峰值;块根GOGAT则与之相反。在不同氮素水平下,功能叶片GOGAT活性表现为N180>N120>N240>N60>N0,块根GOGAT表现为N120>N180>N240>N60>N0。GOGAT的活性与块根产量及含糖率关系紧密,块根产量随GOGAT活性的增加而提高,但是GOGAT活性过高反而降低了块根含糖率,进而导致甜菜产糖量的降低。