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11.
There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones. 相似文献
12.
梨树在自然水分亏缺下的生理反应 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
1994~1996年对梨树在自然水分亏缺和水分充足条件下的主要水分生理参数、气孔相对开张度(RSOD)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和光合速率(Pn)进行了比较研究。结果表明,梨树属于低水势耐旱类型,在自然水分亏缺下,其叶水势(ψw)显著降低,膨压(ψp)明显增高,而RSOD、Tr和Pn则无显著变化。梨树具有明显的渗透调节和一定的弹性调节作用,在中度水分亏缺下,其渗透调节能力△π100或△π0分别为0.44MPa和0.77MPa,弹性调节能力△|β|和△εmax分别为2.78和3.19。另外,在自然水分亏缺下,梨树叶片还具有较强的保水能力,反映在基本无变化的膨压消失点的相对含水量(R0)、叶表面水分散失率(WL0)和明显高于CK的一定ψw下的相对含水量(R)值以及无灌溉园较高的εmax或|β|等方面。 相似文献
13.
Qionglin Chen Xinlei Yu Shixia Liu Suya Luo Xiaojiao Chen Nianjun Xu Xue Sun 《Marine drugs》2022,20(7)
Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation. 相似文献
14.
15.
采用二因素裂区设计,以保水剂和活性炭、硅藻土、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣材料制作丸粒化胡麻种子,研究了丸粒化处理对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与不加保水剂相比,保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,丸粒种子的活力指数和出苗率显著提高20.11%、18.62%;随着保水剂含量的增加,幼苗的根冠比显著减小3.25%。包衣剂中以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的发芽率和出苗率比不加填充剂的明显提高6.79%、22.41%,幼苗生长最健壮。与未丸粒化的种子相比,当保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的丸粒种子发芽指数、活力指数和出苗率显著提高,而且幼苗的茎粗、叶面积和根冠比分别显著增加11.02%、27.35%、28.07%。可见,适量的保水剂(保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1)和以活性炭、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣剂能提高胡麻种子活力,增加出苗率,使幼苗的干物质重增大,根系发达,根冠比提高,为胡麻高产奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
16.
M. Yaeesh Siddiqi Bhupinder Malhotra Xiangjia Min Anthony D. M. Glass 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(2):191-197
Effects of varying the proportions of NO3— and NH4+ in the growth medium on seedling growth and tomato fruit yield (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Trust F1) were investigated in greenhouse hydroponic experiments. The presence of NH4+ as the sole N source (11 mM) was toxic: it curtailed growth and decreased chlorophyll content of the leaves. However, at low concentration (10 % of total N), the presence of NH4+, with or without added dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), increased vegetative growth and fruit yield by ˜ 15 %, and enhanced taste/flavor of the fruits. In DIC‐enriched treatment, pH was maintained at 5.8 by addition of KHCO3 or as CaCO3. The presence of NH4+, at 10 % of total N, inhibited NO3— uptake rates by ˜ 27 %. The rates of uptake of NO3— and NH4+ were comparable (13.3 and 14.2 mmol plant—1 d—1, respectively, in the presence of DIC, and 14.7 and 14.0 mmol plant—1 d—1, respectively, in the absence of DIC), despite such a large difference in their concentrations in the nutrient feed solution. A higher proportion of NH4+ (up to 50 % of total N) had no further significant effect upon early vegetative growth, but in a long‐term experiment resulted in a high incidence of blossom end‐rot (BER) disease, thereby severely curtailing fruit yield. The presence of even 1.1 mM NH4+ reduced Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation in the leaves as well as in fruits. 相似文献
17.
在开花期,用0、50、100和200mg/kg黄腐酸溶液喷洒白菜型油菜(BrassicaCampestris),结果表明,黄腐酸能提高叶绿素含量,降低叶片电导率,提高叶片相对含水量,降低其水分饱和亏缺,从而增强了油菜抗旱能力.喷洒黄腐酸还显著提高油菜的干物质积累量和籽粒产量。 相似文献
18.
Iñigo Loureiro María Concepción Escorial María Cristina Chueca 《Pest management science》2023,79(6):2247-2254
BACKGROUND
Cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.RESULTS
The spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.CONCLUSION
The detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low-to-medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献19.
碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中几种生物学指标的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过模拟实验研究了除草剂碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶、呼吸作用及土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明:碘甲磺隆钠盐在田间施用量(1 mg/kg)下对土壤脲酶和微生物生物量碳的影响呈现为显著的抑制-恢复过程;对土壤过氧化氢酶的影响呈现出轻微的抑制-激活-恢复过程。碘甲磺隆钠盐施用初期对土壤呼吸作用也有一定的影响,浓度愈大,对土壤呼吸强度的抑制愈强,但随着时间的推移,逐步由抑制作用转为一定程度的激发作用,到12 d后施药土壤与对照组土壤的呼吸强度基本上趋于一致。统计分析结果表明,碘甲磺隆钠盐属于低毒或无实际危害的农药。 相似文献
20.
为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水WLWH、不亏水+亏水WHWL、亏水+亏水WLWL、不亏水+不亏水WHWH)和不同施氮量(NZ:0,NL:0.2 g/kg,NH:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现WLWH的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于WHWL;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在NL水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理NHWHWH相比,中水低氮处理NLWLWH节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但WLWL水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理NLWLWH可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度. 相似文献