江苏省小麦品种(系)籽粒产量基因型与环境互作分析

为客观评价多点试验中小麦新品种(系)籽粒产量的稳定性、适应性以及试点辨别力,探明适合江苏省小麦多点鉴定试验基因型与环境互作分析方法,采用AMMI模型对2018-2019年度江苏省淮南区试A组15个小麦品种(系)和淮北区试C组14个小麦品种(系)分别在12个试点的籽粒产量数据进行分析。结果表明,在两组试验中,基因型效应(G)、环境效应(E)和基因型与环境互作效应(G×E)均达到极显著水平。环境效应分别占淮南和淮北处理平方和的89.55%和70.71%,基因型效应分别占3.10%和12.89%,互作效应分别占7.35%和16.19%。基因型与环境互作中两条显著的主成分轴分别解释了淮南60.54%和淮北56.53%的互作平方和。在本年度特定的气候条件下,15个淮南小麦品种(系)中,宁红1479、金丰1701和盐麦0816属于高产稳产品系;14个淮北小麦品种(系)中,保麦1702、淮核16174属于高产稳产品系。12个试点中,淮南以南通、扬州和金湖试点的分辨力最强;淮北以响水、徐州和宿豫试点的分辨力最强。由AMMI双标图及互作效应值分析可知,两组试验的高产品系对某些试点具有特殊适应性。     

广西某食蟹猴规模化养殖场饮用水和青饲料卫生质量监测

为了对广西某规模化食蟹猴养殖场饮用水和青饲料卫生质量情况进行监测,对饮用水和青饲料进行连续抽样监测,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》和《国家禁用和限用的农药名单》进行检测与评价.结果显示:抽取6份饮用水样检测26项理化指标,有3份不合格,超标率达50.0％,超标指标有浑浊度、肉眼可见物;抽取14...     

不同栽培模式西番莲的光响应特性

以黄果西番莲Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener和紫果西番莲P. edulis Sims为实验材料,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定露地及设施栽培模式两种西番莲的光合参数,非直角双曲线模型进行拟合,分析不同栽培模式对两种西番莲叶绿素及光合参数的影响。结果表明,与露地栽培相比,设施栽培模式黄果西番莲的叶绿素含量、表观量子效率（AQY）、光补偿点（Ic）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）无显著变化,最大净光合速率（Pnmax）和光饱和点（Isat）显著降低。紫果西番莲叶绿素含量显著增加,AQY、Pnmax和Isat无显著变化,Ic与Rd降幅较大。两种西番莲叶绿素a/b（Chl a/b）值均显著降低。说明黄果西番莲和紫果西番莲分别在露地栽培模式和设施栽培模式的光合效率更高,能积累更多的光合产物。     

松嫩平原黑土区施肥与土壤速效钾累积关系的研究

为研究在固定施肥模式下速效钾的累积量的变化,采用回归旋转组合设计实施试验,建立了松嫩平原黑土区土壤速效钾与农肥,化肥和秸秆为实验因子的数学模型,结果表明,要使每667m2速效钾保持在适宜的230～270mg/kg水平上,应在5年中施用农肥832～1121kg,化肥34～947.8kg,秸杆93～122kg。     

基于Ecopath模型的海水池塘主要养殖模式比较分析

为了揭示台州温岭地区海水池塘不同养殖模式间的物质流动规律,以贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖2种模式的海水池塘为研究对象,基于EWE 6.5软件分别构建了14和15个功能组的Ecopath模型。结果显示,综合养殖模式第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级之间物质传输效率(52.1%)高于贝类单养模式(26.5%),同时其碎屑组的物质流通量占比(20.81%)也高于贝类单养模式(4.64%)。与贝类单养模式相比,综合养殖模式关键种从大型浮游动物转为凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),混合营养效益分析显示虾功能组主要对浮游生物和碎屑产生影响,导致浮游动物生态营养学效率(Ecotrophic efficiency, EE)升高,浮游植物EE值降低,而两种模式中贝类功能组混合营养效益未发生明显改变。贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖模式的Finn’s循环指数分别为2.75%和13.21%,系统连接指数分别为0.256和0.250,杂食指数分别为0.049和0.065,这表明由于综合养殖模式具有更完善的食物网,整体结构要优于单养模式,但两种模式整体成熟度和稳定性均较低,存在较大提升空间,可引入新功能组,以进一步提高系统稳...     

基于三阶段DEA模型的广东省财政支农效率评价与政策研究

[目的]分析广东省财政支农现状及问题,评价财政支农效率,为广东省提升财政支农资金使用效率及农业高质量发展提出政策建议.[方法]运用三阶段DEA模型对广东省2000—2018年及20个市2010—2018年的财政支农效率进行测度.[结果]广东省整体财政支农效率呈现出下降趋势,纯技术效率较高,但规模效率较低导致综合效率不高...     

刺糖多孢菌分批发酵动力学研究

利用摇瓶培养试验研究了刺糖多孢菌Saccharopolyspora spinosa的分批培养过程中生物量、培养液pH、葡萄糖消长、多杀菌素含量等因素的变化规律。利用MATLAB软件对试验数据进行非线性回归,拟合出了细胞生长动力学模型、基质消耗动力学模型和产物生成动力学模型,得到了细胞生长量、残糖量、多杀菌素产量在发酵过程中随时间变化的规律,相关系数分别为0．98934、0．99266和0．98635．拟合曲线95％置信度区间分析的结果表明,该模型能够很好的反映出刺糖多孢菌分批发酵的过程．     

Genomic Prediction of Arsenic Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice: Contribution of Trait-Specific Markers and Multi-Environment Models

Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As). Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health. Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits. We explored the predictive ability(PA) of genomic prediction with single-environment models, accounting or not for trait-specific markers, multi-environment models, and multi-trait and multi-environment models, using the genotypic(1600 K SNPs) and phenotypic(grain As content, grain yield and days to flowering) data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Under the base-line single-environment model, PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content, respectively; the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso, genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) were considered to perform similarly, and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17 K, without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions. Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%. Multi-environment models, accounting for genotype × environment interactions, and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47% and 61%, respectively. Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models, the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As) with much higher efficiency for computing time. These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.     

Generation of a uniform thymic malignant lymphoma model with C57BL/6J p53 gene deficient mice

Lymphoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed in children, and T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis based on clinical observations. To date, a lymphoma model with uniform penetrance has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a p53 deficient mouse model by targeting embryonic stem cells derived from a C57BL/6J mouse strain. Homozygous p53 deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of spontaneous tumorigenesis, with a high spontaneous occurrence rate (93.3%) of malignant lymphoma. Because tumor models with high phenotypic consistency are currently needed, we generated a lymphoma model by a single intraperitoneal injection of 37.5 or 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to p53 deficient mice. Lymphoma and retinal degeneration occurred in 100% of p53^+/− mice administered with higher concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a much greater response than those of previously reported models. The main anatomic sites of lymphoma were the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Both induced and spontaneous lymphomas in the thymus and spleen stained positive for CD3 antigen, and flow cytometry detected positive CD4 and/or CD8 cells. Based on our observations and previous data, we hypothesize that mice with a B6 background are prone to lymphomagenesis.     

杭州湾南岸滩涂贝类7种养殖模式的比较研究

在杭州湾南岸滩涂,设计7种贝类养殖模式:平涂单养泥螺(Ⅰ)、平涂单养彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅱ)、蓄水单养青蛤(Ⅲ)、平涂混轮养泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅳ)、平涂混养缢蛏和彩虹明樱蛤(Ⅴ)、蓄水混养缢蛏和斑节对虾(Ⅵ)和蓄水混养缢蛏和青蛤(Ⅶ),经养殖试验对它们的养殖效益作了比较。结果表明,7种养殖模式的产值/投入比值差异不显著,在1.43~1.55之间;而其效益(利润)差异较大,在2.94~21.04万元/hm2,其中以模式Ⅵ最高,是模式Ⅰ的7倍多和模式Ⅲ的4倍,模式Ⅳ比Ⅰ高86.1%,模式Ⅴ比Ⅱ高62.66%,模式Ⅲ比Ⅰ或Ⅱ高70%左右,模式Ⅳ比Ⅴ高9.81%,模式Ⅰ与Ⅱ、模式Ⅶ与Ⅲ等效益相差不大。按生态及经济效益评价这7种滩涂贝类放养模式的结果揭示,以蓄水混轮养不同栖息习性和不同食性种类(贝虾混养),充分利用空间生态位和营养生态位者为最佳;对无法蓄水的平涂以螺蛤或螺蛏混轮养为好。