湟源县草地资源基本特点及开发利用

湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素     

一年生黑麦草在不同基肥条件下的生物量研究

在不同基肥条件下，测定一年生黑麦草的产草量、根系长度和深度，结果表明：有机肥每667m^2 1200kg＋复合肥每667m^2 100kg作基肥，一年生黑麦草的产草量最高，达到53226．6kg/hm^2，根系最发达。     

高原地区多年生与一年生禾本科牧草混播效果

在高原地区退耕还草示范种植中,利用牧区广泛种植的一年生禾本科牧草燕麦Avena sativa与进口的多年生禾本科牧草细茎冰草Efymus trachycaulum混播。结果表明：燕麦和细茎冰草混播既能克服单一种植多年生禾本科牧草时的杂草危害问题,也能使退耕当年就获得较好的经济效益,解决了种植当年的收成问题,使项目建设的效益及早得到体现。第1年燕麦开花期鲜草产量为2.49 kg/m2, 细茎冰草第2年能够良好生长,第2年细茎冰草开花期鲜草产量为1.48 kg/m2,生长后期鲜草产量为1.76 kg/m2。     

高寒地区利用直升机飞播种草治沙技术

根据作者多年来在若尔盖沙化草地飞播牧草的实践,对高寒地区利用直升机在播前准备、飞播的安全管理、飞播作业以及现场质量检查等飞播种草治沙技术进行了初步总结,以便为直升机飞播种草治沙提供参考。     

草坪草引种观察与筛选

为满足绿化和水土保持对优良草坪草的需求，引进了草坪草种进行田间种植，并对其生物性状和抗逆性能进行观察，以从中筛选出优良的草坪草种。经过２年的观察，初步筛选出优良草坪草种－台湾草坪草；既可饲用、又可固土的优良草种－百喜草；饲用、草坪兼用的优良草种－早熟禾；饲用、草坪、固土多用型的优良草种－苇状羊茅。这几种草坪草种均具有绿化和水土保持作用。     

禾草内生固氮菌的研究现状及应用前景

植物内生固氮菌是一类重要的固氮微生物资源,其潜在的可开发利用价值越来越受重视。本文综述了禾草内生固氮菌的研究动态、种质资源多样性、侵染途径、定殖方式、作用机理及发展前景,以期为内生固氮菌的进一步开发探究提供参考。     

Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (K_α), the absorption half‐life (t_{1/2 Kα}), the elimination rate constant (K_e), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC_0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (V_SS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC_0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h^?1 kg^?1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.     

非洲狗尾草4品种在滇南的品比试验

在滇南雨养条件下,对4个非洲狗尾草（Setaria sphacelata）品种进行区域性品比试验。结果表明：参试各品种适应性强,均未染病,存活率和越冬率都在98.61%以上。种植第1年TPRC010的干草产量最高,为27.68 t·hm^-2。用灰色关联法进行综合评价,TPRC001表现最优,TPRC010次之。     

稻田蜘蛛混合种群空间分布的动态研究

稻田蜘蛛混合种群的空间分布在水稻的不同发育期存在差异。其空间分布主要由稻田蜘蛛本身的扩散程度及生殖 ,游猎型和定居型数量的多寡 ,主要目标害虫的数量及其分布 ,栖息环境的变化及其耕作方式和稻田蜘蛛的种群密度及其种间竞争程度决定。     

Effect of feeding forest foliages, rice straw and concentrate-based total mixed ration on nutrient utilization and growth in mithun (Bos frontalis)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Borrena hirticulata (BH), Ficus hirta (FH), rice straw (RS) and concentrate-based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and growth in mithun. Growing male mithun calves were randomly allotted to 2 feeding groups (6 in each), TMR₁ and TMR₂. The TMRs consisted of RS 300 g kg^− 1, concentrate 400 g kg^− 1 and BH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₁) or FH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₂) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Both TMRs were fed ad libitum to the animals for 121 d and a digestibility study was conducted during the last 7 d of the experiment. To assess rumen fermentation, rumen fluid was collected at 2 h interval for 24 h. Apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) did not differ significantly between the TMRs. Nevertheless, apparent digestibility of ether extract was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TMR₂ (0.59) compared to TMR₁ (0.54). Body weight gain (BWG; g d^− 1), DM intake (kg d^− 1), CP intake (g d^− 1) and feed efficiency (kg feed kg^− 1 gain) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in TMR₁ (548, 5.14, 713 and 9.28) compared to TMR₂ (496, 4.91, 703 and 10.03). An insignificant positive association (r = 0.35) between DM intake and BWG, but a significant (P < 0.01) positive association (r = 0.74) between CP intake and BWG were evident. Rumen pH (5.71 to 7.18) and ammonia-nitrogen (8.0 to 25.0 mg/dl) did not differ significantly between the TMRs, but differed significantly (P < 0.01) at different h post-feeding. In contrast, rumen total volatile fatty acid (42 to 105 mM) and total nitrogen (40.4 to 90.3 mg/dl) differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the TMRs and at different h post-feeding. The study revealed that BH, FH, RS and concentrate-based TMRs may be fed to mithun for satisfactory growth.