狼窝沟小流域废弃煤窑生态修复技术初探

针对狼窝沟小流域山坡面积大、山高、坡陡和煤窑废弃后煤炭乱挖滥采现象仍较严重等状况,采取整地并客土、完善排水系统、工程和植被护坡、植被恢复等生态修复措施,以达到控制水土流失、提高土地利用率和增加当地群众收入的目的,为小流域的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。     

Hierarchical classification of environmental factors and agricultural practices affecting soil fauna under cropping systems using Bt maize

The population dynamics of soil organisms under agricultural field conditions are influenced by many factors, such as pedology and climate, but also farming practices such as crop type, tillage and the use of pesticides. To assess the real effects of farming practices on soil organisms it is necessary to rank the influence of all of these parameters. Bt maize (Zea mays L.), as a crop recently introduced into farming practices, is a genetically modified maize with the Cry1Ab gene which produces a protein toxic to specific lepidopteran insect pests. To assess the effects of Bt maize on non-target soil organisms, we conducted research at a field site in Foulum (Denmark) with a loamy sand soil containing 6.4% organic matter. The study focused on populations of springtails (Collembola) and earthworms (Oligochaeta) from samples taken at the beginning and at the end of the maize crop-growing season during 2 consecutive years. Farming practices, soil parameters, the biological structure of soil communities, and the type and age of the crop at the time of sampling, were used as attributes to predict the total abundance of springtails and biomass of earthworms in general and the abundance or biomass for specific functional groups (epigeic, endogeic and anecic groups for earthworms, and eu-, eu to hemi-, hemi-, hemi to epi- and epiedaphic groups for Collembola). Predictive models were built with data mining tools, such as regression trees that predict the value of a dependent variable from a set of independent variables. Regression trees were constructed with the data mining system M5′. The models were evaluated by qualitative and quantitative measures of performance and two models were selected for further interpretation: anecic worms and hemi-epiedaphic Collembola. The anecic worms (r²=0.83) showed preferences for less clay and more silt soil with medium pH but were not influenced directly by farming practices. The biomass of earthworms was greater in early autumn than in spring or late autumn. Biomass of hemi-epiedaphic Collembola (r²=0.59) increased at the end of the maize growing season, while higher organic matter content and pH tended to increase their biomass in spring. Greater abundance of Collembola was also noted in early autumn if the crop was non-Bt maize. The models assessed by this research did not find any effects of the Bt maize cropping system on functional groups of soil fauna.     

贵州废弃铅锌矿区优势植物中铅、锌、铬含量及富集特征

以贵州废弃DW铅锌矿区27种优势植物为研究对象,利用原子吸收、原子荧光测定植物体内Zn、Cr、Pb的含量,研究了矿区植物中的Zn、Cr、Pb的含量积累特征及植物对它们富集能力。结果表明,大多数植物中的重金属积累量由大到小的顺序为Zn、Pb、Cr,但富集系数由大到小的顺序为Cr、Zn、Pb。受矿区环境及Zn适应的影响,植物对Zn富集系数较小,Zn在百合科萱草中的积累量为1 650.27 mg/kg;地笋对Cr的富集系数为0.591,可作土壤重金属Cr污染修复植物;所研究的植物均不适合作重金属Pb的土壤环境修复植物。     

大数据挖掘在食品安全风险预警领域的应用

食品安全综合评价与预警是食品安全的重难点.该研究着重介绍了大数据挖掘在食品安全风险预警领域的应用.首先对大数据的基本概念及3种典型的大数据挖掘技术(贝叶斯网络、决策树以及人工神经网络)概念进行分析,并探讨这3种大数据挖掘方式在食品安全行业的应用现状.之后比较3种大数据挖掘方式,提出将其中一种大数据挖掘方式BP神经网络运用于食品安全风险预警的构想.     

基于关联规则的湖北短期气候预测应用初探

分析了数据挖掘技术中关联规则分析方法的原理和一般数据挖掘的系统结构和主要步骤,通过收集、加工和处理大气环流指数等大量信息,以湖北省汛期异常气候现象为对象,使用关联规则挖掘方法试图找出各物理量和气象要素与未来一段时间内湖北的汛期降水之间的关系.基于Apriori算法2013年针对湖北短期气候预测,初步建立了一个关联规则挖掘系统,实现了参数配置、关联挖掘和规则显示等功能.     

数据挖掘中的数据预处理与维度优化

介绍了数据挖掘的研究发展现状，以及数据预处理与维度问题在数据挖掘过程中的重要性，并对数据的预处理和维度优化方面提出了一些问题及其解决方法。最后提出了在数据挖掘过程中所面临的挑战。     

塌陷预测在采煤矿区土地复垦规划中的应用

以山西高平高良煤矿为例,运用中国矿业大学开发的MSPS软件进行塌陷预测,并将预测结果通过AutoCAD 2008和ArcGIS 9.3软件进行空间叠加和统计分析,最终得出矿区土地各损毁指标因子的空间分布情况。试验不仅为土地复垦的适宜性评价提供了数据基础,同时总结了解决受采矿活动导致土地损毁的程度判定问题的具体方法。另外,就塌陷预测技术中预测软件的选用以及土地损毁程度评价指标的建立,提出了改进建议。     

高校图书馆特色数据库建设中的数据挖掘

目前数据挖掘技术研究发展迅速,其实质是在海量数据中找出人们感兴趣的数据并以我们需要的某种形式呈现出来。高校图书馆特色数据库建设发展迅速,带来了极大便利。但是数据库信息量巨大,所以,运用数据挖掘技术对特色数据库数据集进行挖掘处理,将基于确信度的关联规则算法引入到特色数据库的建设中,从大量的数据中提取关键信息。     

煤矿废弃地生态修复研究

煤矿开采侵占和破坏了大量的土地资源,煤矿所在地的人地矛盾十分尖锐,生态环境也受到了不同程度的破坏。国内外从不同角度开展了煤矿废弃地土壤生态修复研究,目前,主要集中在废弃地土壤改良和土地综合治理技术2个方面。     

操作数据存储在土地信息集成模型中应用研究

对数据仓库应用中的操作数据存储进行扩展,提出土地信息操作数据存储,将业务数据与基础数据实现隔离,利用面向事务处理方式提高了系统的响应速度;通过统一建模语言中的消息/返回机制实现业务系统间的信息流与业务系统内的工作流的无缝集成,解决了无法因数据结构与业务流程的差异而无法实现不同业务系统连接的问题。