Design and performance of recirculating aquaculture system for marine finfish broodstock development

Tropical and subtropical climatic conditions in India present an ideal and unique opportunity for being the leader in tropical marine finfish aquaculture. However, the problem persist due to non-availability of marine finfish seed for the culture. In response to this problem, broodstock development of different tropical marine finfishes for seed production was started. The present study was undertaken to design a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and studying their performance in managing the various water quality required for the marine finfish broodstock development and breeding. The design of RAS, developed in the present study, included a broodstock tank, egg collection chamber, electrical pump, rapid sand filter, venturi type protein skimmer and biological filter. Two RAS were designed, one was stocked with a demersal fish species, orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and the other was stocked with a pelagic fish species, Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) at the rate 1 and 0.5 kg/m³ with a sex ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (female: male) respectively. Various physio-chemical parameters, viz, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkalinity, temperature, free carbon dioxide (CO₂) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of both tank water were analyzed to assess the performance of recirculating aquaculture system in maintaining the water quality. Gonadal development of the fishes was assessed and the spawning performance was recorded and finally, economic performance of the system was also evaluated. During the entire experimental period, mean monthly total ammonia nitrogen was less than 0.07 and 0.06 mg L⁻¹ and mean monthly nitrite was less than 0.02 and 0.01 mg L⁻¹ in orange spotted grouper and Indian pompano RAS tanks respectively. The pH (7.8–8.2), DO (>4 mg/L) and alkalinity (100–120 mg/L) were found to be in optimum range in both recirculating aquaculture systems. Carbon dioxide was found to be nil during the entire experimental period in both the systems. In fact these levels were comparable or less than that is reported as the permissible limits for broodstock development. Indian pompano and Orange spotted grouper matured and spawning was obtained with production of fertilized eggs round the year. Economic evaluation showed the price of 10,000 fertilized eggs of orange spotted grouper to be US $ 1.33. The design of RAS devised in the present study is efficient in controlling and maintaining optimum water quality for broodstock development of both demersal and pelagic finfishes. The fishes stocked in RAS attained final maturation and round the year spawning was obtained.     

Effect of the particle size on the ammonia removal rate and the bacterial community composition of bioflocs

The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency and bacterial community composition of bioflocs with <50-μm particle size, > 50-μm particle size and un-sieved bioflocs were investigated in the current study. The initial ratio of dissolved organic carbon to TAN (DOC/TAN) in the three groups were about 14:1. No significant difference was found in the removal rate of TAN, average concentrations of TAN and nitrite nitrogen among the three groups (P > 0.05). The C/N (w/w) ratio of the > 50-μm bioflocs was significantly higher than those of the other groups. No significant differences were found in the crude protein content in the bioflocs among the three groups. The development of the bacterial community compositions of the bioflocs was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses. Most OTUs were shared among the three groups at all the sampled time points. With the increase in the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, that of phylum Proteobacteria, Chorolexi, and Bacteroidetes decreased in all the three groups. The phylum Firmicutes and genus Bacillus were predominant in all the sampled time points. At the end of the experiment, genus Bacillus accounted for 81% in the < 50-μm group, 82% in the > 50-μm group, and 75% in the un-sieved group.     

依据物联网的树干径流自动监测系统

针对森林水分监测中树干径流数据收集单一、不准确、严重依赖人力操作等问题,研究设计基于物联网的树干径流自动监测系统。系统由翻斗式传感器、数据采集和处理模块、无线通信模块、服务器、客户端等组成。嵌入式系统接受和储存翻斗式脉冲信号次数,利用4G无线网络将数据上传到服务器,通过上位机对原始数据进行处理,最终达到在手机或者电脑上直观读取数据。测试表明该系统长期在野外运行稳定、数据收集准确,节约了大量人力成本和时间。     

植保机在线混药系统的设计及混药性能试验

为提高植保机喷雾作业中的农药利用率,设计了一种在线混药系统。混药系统主要包括取水单元、取药单元、混合器和控制单元。系统工作时,控制单元控制取水单元和取药单元抽取水溶液和农药,注入混合器混合,混合液经隔膜泵加压后经过喷头喷施。基于计算流体力学理论,建立内置7块扰流板且注药口和注水口沿边壁垂直分布并正对第1块扰流板的圆柱形静态混合器模型,运用Fluent软件对模型进行数值分析,结果常压(0.1MPa)时,混合器出口处药水混合均匀性变异系数为2.2%,药水混合效果最佳,但注药口有药剂回流现象,故提出药剂加压的模拟方案。药剂加压1MPa时,注药口无药剂回流现象,药水混合均匀性变异系数为2.0%,药水混合效果优于常压。用胭脂红溶液替代农药进行试验,加压状态下,混药系统喷头处混药稳定性最大相对误差为4.301%,药水混合变异系数最大,为3.989%,混药性能优于常压,与仿真结果基本吻合;对在线混药系统进行隔膜泵变工况试验,结果水流量在35～140 L/min时,药水配比为(1∶300)～(1∶3 000)时,在线混药系统混合均匀性系数最大,为4.670%。     

Weed community responses to soil type during transition to no-till practice on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe

Understanding drivers of weed density and diversity is essential for the development of weed management strategies. Here, we compared temporal changes in weed density and diversity under no-till (NT) and conventional (CONV) tillage systems in cotton–maize rotations on loam, clay loam and sandy loam soils immediately after transition to NT in Kadoma, Zimbabwe. The effect of tillage system on weed density varied through the growth season and was dependent upon soil type and species composition of the weed community. Although weed responses to tillage system varied amongst species, we identified general trend effects on weed density on specific soils. At 3 weeks after crop emergence (WACE), weed density on loam soils was 76% and 96% higher in NT than in CONV during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons, respectively, and on clay loam soils it was 37% and 33% higher in NT than CONV, respectively. Weed densities in NT and CONV were similar across all soil types at 6 WACE during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons and at 9 WACE in 2009/2010. Tillage system did not affect weed density during the growth season on sandy loam soils. Weed diversity (Shannon index) was at least 75% higher in NT than CONV on loam and clay loam soils at 3 WACE during both seasons. It is likely these increases in weed densities following conversion to NT will exacerbate already prevalent weed management problems in the smallholder sector. Earlier weeding is recommended to suppress weed emergence and reduce likely associated crop yield losses.     

基于CNN的小麦籽粒完整性图像检测系统

为了快速、准确识别小麦籽粒的完整粒和破损粒,设计了基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的小麦籽粒完整性图像检测系统,并成功应用于实际检测中。采集完整粒和破损粒两类小麦籽粒图像,对图像进行分割、滤波等处理后,建立单粒小麦的图像数据库和形态特征数据库。采用LeNet-5、AlexNet、VGG-16和ResNet-34等4种典型卷积神经网络建立小麦籽粒完整性识别模型,并与SVM和BP神经网络所建模型进行对比。结果表明,SVM和BP神经网络所建模型的验证集识别准确率最高为92. 25%; 4种卷积神经网络模型明显优于两种传统模型,其中,识别性能最佳的AlexNet的测试集识别准确率为98. 02%,识别速率为0. 827 ms/粒。基于AlexNet模型设计了小麦籽粒完整性图像检测系统,检测结果显示,100粒小麦的检测时间为26. 3 s,其中,图像采集过程平均用时21. 2 s,图像处理与识别过程平均用时为5. 1 s,平均识别准确率为96. 67%。     

定量泵负载敏感系统卸荷压力冲击抑制研究

定量泵负载敏感系统在快速卸荷时容易出现压力冲击现象,对系统的可靠性和寿命产生较大危害。三通压力补偿阀是定量泵负载敏感系统中关键的调压元件,本文以三通压力补偿阀为切入点,建立定量泵负载敏感系统功率键合图模型,基于键合图模型推导系统的状态方程,建立Matlab动态仿真模型,探讨系统卸荷压力冲击的抑制方案。基于系统仿真模型,首先对系统卸荷压力冲击的仿真与试验进行对比,验证了仿真模型的正确性;然后,针对三通压力补偿阀的系统压力腔阻尼、阀芯直径、Ls腔阻尼、阀口锥角等关键参数,对卸荷压力冲击影响规律进行仿真;最后,基于关键参数对卸荷压力冲击影响规律的分析,提出了一种小阀芯、双阀口型三通压力补偿阀结构优化方案,并对其卸压冲击抑制效果进行了仿真和试验。结果表明,该方案可以有效抑制卸荷压力冲击,优化后系统卸压冲击压差比原系统降低了89%,卸荷压力降低了20%,进一步实现了节能。     

DS1820数字温度计在微机温度采集系统中的程序编制

采用DS1820数字温度计实现的微机温度采集系统,硬件结构简单．为了保证正确地采集温度数据,必须严格按照DS1820与主机的通信协议编制程序．     

疾病费用预测的建模分析

果肉自溶是影响龙眼采后果实贮运、货架寿命和贮藏品质的重要因素。本文综述了龙眼果肉自溶过程的组织结构变化、生理生化变化及微生物侵染与自溶的关系、果肉自溶相关的分子生物学等的研究进展,探讨龙眼果肉自溶的机理和常用的保鲜技术,并提出未来研究的方向,以期对龙眼果实采后贮运保鲜提供参考。     

Research on the System and Models of Society-Economy-Environment Appraisal for Construction Project

The society-economy-environment appraisal for construction project can help our government to control macro-economy, make correlation policy and formulate laws and draw up city plan.It has great influence on the sustainable development of our society and it is the demand of the law for the environment evaluation in China.This paper introduced the basic structure of society-economy-environment appraisal system for construction project and the thought of elements transaction.Using the method of AHP, the model of project analyzing and optimizing selection is designed.For the more, the methods of the optimizing models on the selected schemes are put forward.Finally, the integrative analysis has been made on the system design and appliance of this appraisal system.