温室地下贮热系统设计研究

为了降低温室环境调控能耗。根据育苗不同阶段对气温与土壤温度的要求，设计了温室地下贮热系统，并阐述了系统的组成和贮热原理；同时，分析了各设计参数对系统贮热性能的影响。这样不仅为系统设计与理论分析奠定了基础，对其它类似地下贮热系统的设计、研究也具有参考意义。     

Effects of planting density on the productivity and water use of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones: I. Measurement of water use in young tea using sap flow meters with a stem heat balance method

Sap flow meters based on the stem heat balance method were used to measure the mass flow rates or water use in young potted tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants of clones AHP S15/10 and BBK35. The meters were constructed on site and installed onto the stem or branch sections of field growing plants in an experiment originally designed to study the effects of plant population density and drought on the productivity and water use of young tea clones. The objective of the study was to use the SHB method as a first attempt to use sap flow meters for determining the water use of young tea growing in the field under well watered conditions in Tanzania. The results are reported and recommendation made for further work on using the technique.     

Design and Performance Analysis of Low Pressure Irrigation Distribution Systems

Low-pressure pipe distribution systems forsurface irrigation provide both off- andon-farm recognized environmental benefits.However, expected benefits can only beattained when adequacy, dependability andequity of systems are high enough tosupport appropriate conditions for wateruse on the farm. An innovative methodologyfor design and analysis is proposed anddescribed, which includes the generation ofthe demand at the scale of the distributionsystem and, consequently, the generation ofthe flow regimes expected during a givenperiod of time, generally the peak month.These flow regimes are utilized for theoptimization of pipe sizes using theiterative discontinuous method for severalflow regimes. The performance analysis isdeveloped through the system simulationwith several flow regimes, which allow thecomputation of the system adequacy,dependability and equity. An application toone sector of the Sorraia irrigation systemillustrates the usefulness of themethodology proposed.     

热泵式节能烘干机的设计

热泵是一种使热量从低温介质流向高温介质,以对高温物体进行供热的装置.为此,利用热泵原理研究设计了一种小型高效节能烘干机,并介绍了该机的主要特点、总体结构等,尤其对热泵、烘干床进行了详细介绍.该机具有结构简单新颖、造价低廉、使用寿命长、高效节能等优点,不仅可以烘干多种农产品,还可以烘干茶叶、蘑菇等多种农副产品.     

Testing and statistical analysis of the performance of a pipe drainage system: A case study in north-eastern Italy

A survey program was carried out from June 1988 to august 1989 in North-eastern Italy in a pipe drainage area of 61 ha in order to verify if the year of installation (one part of the system has been installed in 1984 and another one year later) and the cover material of drains (pipes were covered with cocofibre for 2/5 of their length and without envelope for 3/5) could influence the functioning of the system. Collected data of drain discharge and water table depth were subjected to an elaborate statistical analysis.A methodological approach to determine the sample size (how many measurements of discharge and watertable depth are required, in space and time, from a statistical stand-point) in drainage experiment is proposed. For drainage systems similar to the considered one, a sample size of 10–12 drains and 6–8 observation wells can be recommended in order to obtain a standard error lower than 10–15% of the mean.     

退火对304不锈钢拉伸坯料力学性能的影响

研究了不同退火处理工艺对304不锈钢板材拉伸坯料的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率等力学性能的影响，为拉伸坯料获得较高的可加工性能提供了参考数据。     

自压式树状管网的两级优化设计模型与神经优化设计

建立了自压式树状管网两级优化设计模型，并用人工神经网络法实现树状管网非线性规划模型的快速求解。采用的人工神经网络技术的两级优化设计模型在适用范围、求解速度和获得最优解能力上，均优于单一的非线性规划模型和线性规划模型，是实现树状管网全局优化设计的一条新途径。     

螺旋弯管内流动与传热特性的数值模拟

针对螺旋弯管内的流动与传热特性,以螺旋弯管传热试验中试验件模型为研究对象,基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型、第一类热边界条件下的薄壁热阻模型,对不同进口来流条件下,采用Fluent对螺旋弯管内水的流动与换热进行数值模拟.计算得到了螺旋弯管内速度场与温度场的分布,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果的比较,验证了数值模拟方法的正确性.结果表明:随着进口来流雷诺数的增大,螺旋弯管内的二次流迪恩涡核心向弯管管壁扩张;在螺旋弯管小曲率比、来流雷诺数2 280~6 000内,螺旋弯管的强化换热综合性能最佳;对模拟结果数据利用多元线性回归法,推导出螺旋弯管内换热努赛尔数、进出口压力降的准则关系式.研究结果可为螺旋管式换热器设计与优化提供一定的参考依据.     

长春花感染柑橘黄龙病菌微波热处理防控效果

为探索黄龙病防治途径,开展微波热处理对黄龙病的防控效果研究。该研究搭建了微波热处理平台,对长春花微波热处理参数（转盘转速、单个磁控管的微波功率、磁控管数量）进行优化,并用优化后的参数组合对感病长春花进行热处理,处理后90 d内跟踪检测长春花叶片中黄龙病菌的浓度、淀粉和类黄酮的含量。结果表明,长春花微波热处理的最优参数组合为单个磁控管的微波功率150 W、3个磁控管、转速15 r/min;热处理90 d后,感病长春花叶片中的黄龙病菌Ct值（阈值循环数,该值低于32时为阳性）由阳性(17.01±0.97)转至近阴性（31.91±2.35）,病菌浓度下降了99.98%,淀粉含量和类黄酮含量恢复至正常水平,植株的活性恢复较好。研究表明,微波热处理有效抑制植物体内的黄龙病菌,可为黄龙病的规模化防治提供新思路。     

恒温下相对湿度对果蔬热风干燥特性和品质的影响及调控

相对湿度作为干燥介质的重要参数,对干燥热质传质过程和干燥品质具有显著影响。但由于相对湿度对干燥过程的影响机理及优化调控机制尚不明确,导致相对湿度的调控方式多依靠经验,造成干燥效率低、品质差、能耗高等问题。对于传质过程,降低相对湿度能够增大对流传质系数,加快物料表面水分蒸发;而对于传热过程,升高相对湿度能够增大对流传热系数,加快物料升温速率。相对湿度较高时,物料升温速率快,内部水分迁移量增大,但表面水分蒸发量较小;而当相对湿度较低时,物料升温速率较慢,内部水分迁移量较小,但表面水分蒸发量较大。相对传热和传质过程的影响此消彼长,互相耦合。高相对湿度主要体现为对传热过程的影响,低相对湿度主要体现为对传质过程的影响。高相对湿度能够抑制物料表面的结壳,并能够提高复水性,降低收缩率。阶段降湿及多阶段降湿干燥方式下物料表面形成和保持了蜂窝状多孔结构,能够提高干燥效率和品质。基于监测物料温度的相对湿度调控方式被验证为较忧的相对湿度控制方式。阶段降湿干燥方式适用性的实质为：干燥过程中所体现出的对流传热热阻和内部导热热阻的相对大小,及对流传质阻力和内部传质阻力的相对大小,不同干燥条件和物料种类、厚度会影响以上传热传质阻力的大小,从而呈现出不同适应性的结果。当阶段降湿干燥过程中传热毕渥数>1且传热毕渥数>0.1时,说明阶段降湿干燥过程适用于此物料的干燥。该文综合论述了相对湿度对果蔬热风干燥过程中热质传递及干燥品质的影响,优化调控策略及适用性范围4个方面内容,明确了果蔬热风干燥过程中相对湿度的影响机理,为相对湿度的优化调控提供理论依据和技术支持。