“微视频+农业生产技术服务”模式的应用探究

目前，我国正处于从传统农业向现代农业转型的关键时期，“微视频+农业生产技术服务”这一模式的应用可以打破时空限制，进一步拉近与农技人员的距离，从而使农业生产技术服务效率有较大提高。通过种植作物标准化生产技术视频的拍摄，将规范拍摄剪辑成操作微视频和图片，集成到产销服务平台上，依据生产者的种植状态，定制化的推送相对应的操作视频等技术指导，有效提高了农场的生产管理效率和标准化水平，使农业技术人员可以随时随地、无需付费进行标准化生产技术的学习。     

高堆石坝砂砾石料的细观参数反演及三轴试验模拟

高堆石坝因坝体的变形过大以及不均匀性沉降导致面板易发生破坏，需进行筑坝材料的细观试验探究。以新疆阿尔塔什高堆石坝工程为研究对象，基于正交试验设计原理分析砂砾石料细观参数敏感性并对大型固结排水剪切三轴试验进行参数标定，对不同颗粒形状、含石率、级配的砂砾石料进行离散元三轴数模。研究结果表明：1）块石试样的峰值应力突出，剪胀程度不显著但结构更稳定；球体试样强度小，尤在高含石率（65%）下破坏面宽度可达275 mm，基本贯穿整个试样，破坏具有随机性，力链分布密集但强度小，最大力链强度较块石试样可减小14.70 kN；增加砂砾石料的不规则度可提高抗剪强度。2）低含石率下球体状试样无明显峰值，出现硬化且变形以剪缩为主；高含石率块石状试样下出现明显峰值，出现软化且剪胀突出；随含石率增加，剪切带由非对称"X"型向"工"型转变，宽度增加约4 倍，最大力链强度提高但数量少，粘结破坏点显现延迟，其数量由10 000（含石率0）降为6 800（含石率65%）个；增加含石率能使砂砾石料抵抗变形的能力得到提升。3）级配良好的试样曲线出现硬化现象，剪缩剪胀程度小，级配不连续的试样峰值突出，易发生剪胀变形；随颗粒粒径增加，不连续级配始出"工"型剪切破坏面，剪切带宽度由29.88 mm增加为66.18 mm，粘结破坏点提前显现，其数量由8 500骤增为13 600个，颗粒间孔隙率大应力集中现象显著易发生破坏。综上选取筑坝料时在条件允许范围内尽量保证形状不规则度和含石率高且级配良好的材料配比。以上方法不仅可研究试样的宏观变形，还可从内部研究颗粒间发生变形破坏的物理机制，为新疆阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程的稳定性评价提供一定理论支撑。     

孤岛运行的微电网三相不平衡潮流计算方法研究

提出了适用于孤岛运行的微电网三相不平衡潮流计算方法:结合实际,对传统潮流计算方法予以改进,计算中考虑了配电系统各分布式电源的有功、无功控制能力,即电压、频率静态调节特性,考虑了变压器移相角对潮流的影响以及线路参数的相间耦合;算法采用相分量分析,能够应对线路参数三相不平衡、负荷三相不平衡等情况;用牛顿-拉夫逊法求解,易于处理环网结构配电网的潮流计算;不仅能进行三相不平衡潮流分析,还能同时计算出系统的频率.     

长沙丘陵区油茶林地土壤蒸发的时空变化

2019年4—9月,采用微型蒸渗仪测定长沙丘陵区油茶林地土壤蒸发量;利用ETgage模拟蒸散仪监测林地局部蒸散量,对比分析长沙丘陵地区土壤蒸发量的时空变化,探讨土壤蒸发随气象因素和土壤含水量的变化关系.结果 表明:长沙丘陵区油茶林土壤蒸发总量约为192.15 mm,日均为1.05 mm;不同空间位置上,阳面、绝对阴面、...     

金枪鱼头汤中脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量分析及微观形貌观察

采用两种不同方式熬煮金枪鱼头分别得到金枪鱼头清汤和白汤。在分析两种熬煮条件下鱼头汤的脂肪酸组成及维生素E含量变化的基础上,探究鱼头汤熬煮过程中微观形貌的变化。结果表明:金枪鱼头熬煮的清汤和白汤中脂肪酸种类一致,都为22种。在鱼水比1∶8(m/m),熬煮时间为150 min时,鱼头汤中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及维生素E的含量达到最大,且白汤大于清汤。利用马尔文激光粒度分析仪测定微滤和超滤处理后的清汤和白汤中颗粒的平均粒径,发现两种汤中颗粒的平均粒径显著变小(P0.05),但颗粒之间会发生重聚形成较大的颗粒。采用倒置光学显微镜观察可见,鱼头汤中存在大量大小不一、形状为球形、分散性良好的微纳米颗粒。     

Microstructural characterisation of commercial kiwifruit cultivars using X-ray micro computed tomography

The skin is the physical barrier between the fruit and the environment in which it develops. Environmental conditions during fruit development have a large influence on fruit quality, both at the time of harvest and during subsequent storage. It is hypothesised that some features of the skin and sub-epidermal tissues could provide information about the past growing conditions to which the fruit was exposed and therefore be of predictive value for storage quality. In this study, five commercial kiwifruit cultivars (‘Hayward’, ‘Hort16A’, ‘G3’, ‘G9’ and ‘G14’) were studied, and ‘Hayward’ fruit were manipulated during growth with different cultural practices. After harvest at horticultural maturity, X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) was used to investigate features of the skin and the immediate parenchyma tissue. Despite orchard management practices (crop load and girdling) being observed to effect macro fruit quality parameters (mass, firmness, SSC, and DM), differences in microstructure (e.g. porosity) caused by these practices were not observed. However, porosity and pore size were found to be highly variable between cultivars. The thickness of dense sub-epidermal tissue could be readily measured and the 3-D distribution of raphide bundles was visible as high density particles distributed within the parenchyma. Overall, μCT was found to be a powerful technique to explore fruit epidermal and sub-epidermal structures in three dimensions at a micro level. However, the length of time required for data capture and analysis and the large number of samples required to overcome natural variation within horticultural products need to be considered. Future work may define the impact of differences in porosity or sub-epidermal anatomy on kiwifruit physiology (e.g. firmness change or sensitivity to low oxygen storage atmospheres). With this information, μCT could be used as a screening tool during plant breeding, or to determine the response to agronomic treatments, without conducting lengthy storage trials.