两种亚洲象线虫的扫描电镜观察

本文对取自上海动物园亚洲象驱虫后的上口管囊线虫和特拉凡哥奎隆线虫进行扫描电镜观察。文中对两种线虫的口、头端、角皮、生殖器和尾端等的超微结构作了描述。     

面向RP的骨骼CT图像处理技术研究

骨骼轮廓数据的提取是进行骨骼三维重构及制造骨骼 RP原型的基础。研究根据骨骼 CT图像的特点和快速成型制造的要求 ,提出先进行图像滤波 ,然后二值化 ,最后提取骨骼轮廓并矢量化的方法 ,并对其中各环节的数据处理算法进行了理论分析和试验研究 ,得出中值滤波是适应于骨骼图像去噪的方法 ,最大类间方差法是进行骨骼图像二值化分割处理的最适合方法     

苹果木材的超微构造及其皱缩

本文在观察苹果木材超微构造的基础上，分析了苹果木材在构造上容易发生皱缩的原因，同时观察了苹果木皱缩材组织结构的变化，验证了皱缩机理；分析了温度和含水率对苹果木材基本皱缩条件的影响。     

异位妊娠破裂术前CT诊断的价值

目的：探讨异位妊娠破裂术前CT诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实异位妊娠破裂的CT表现和手术所见。结果；7例术前的CT诊断与手术结果一致。输卵管妊娠破裂后CT表现为位于子宫旁或附件区的不规则软组织肿块以及腹腔内大量积血。l例腹腔妊娠CT表现为右下腹不规则软组织肿块及大量腹腔积血。手术和病理证实肿块中央密度轮低是不均匀的部份为脱落的胚囊和绒毛组织，周围则为大量血凝块。结论：CT不仅能准确诊断异位妊娠破裂及其发生的部位，而是能清楚显示破裂后腹腔和盆腔内的改变，可为手术提供重要依据。     

马铃薯试管苗低成本快繁方式研究

为适应脱毒种薯工厂化生产的要求 ,降低成本 ,对马铃薯脱毒试管苗快繁方式进行了研究 ,以不影响脱毒苗生长为前提 ,筛选出成本低、生长好的培养方法。研究结果表明 :①液体培养由于省去了价格昂贵的琼脂 ,培养成本降低了 80 0 3% ,并且试管苗的生长比固体培养要好 ;②在液体培养过程中 ,不加有机成分 ,培养成本降低 2 3 71% ,脱毒试管苗生长正常 ;③液体培养基的用量要少于固体培养基的用量 ,为固体培养基 1/ 2～ 1/ 3,一般以 10ml为宜     

The establishment of winter wheat root system architecture in field soils: The effect of soil type on root development in a temperate climate

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop in the temperate climates of western Europe. Root system architecture is a significant contributor to resource capture and plant resilience. However, the impact of soil type on root system architecture (RSA) in field structured soils is yet to be fully assessed. This work studied the development of root growth using deep cultivation (250 mm) during the tillering phase stage (Zadock stage 25) of winter wheat across three soil types. The three sites of contrasting soil types covered a geographical area in the UK and Ireland in October 2018. Root samples were analysed using two methods: X-ray computed tomography (CT) which provides 3D images of the undisturbed roots in the soil, and a WinRHIZO^™ scanner used to generate 2D images of washed roots and to measure further root parameters. Important negative relationships existed between soil bulk density and root properties (root length density, root volume, surface area and length) across the three sites. The results revealed that despite reduced root growth, the clay (Southoe) site had a significantly higher crop yield irrespective of root depth. The loamy sand (Harper Adams) site had significantly higher root volume, surface area and root length density compared with the other sites. However, a reduction in grain yield of 2.42 Mt ha⁻¹ was incurred compared with the clay site and 1.6 Mt ha⁻¹ compared with the clay loam site. The significantly higher rooting characteristics found in the loamy sand site were a result of the significantly lower soil bulk density compared with the other two sites. The loamy sand site had a lower soil bulk density, but no significant difference in macroporosity between sites (p > 0.05). This suggests that soil type and structure directly influence crop yield to greater extent than root parameters, but the interactions between both need simultaneous assessment in field sites.     

COMPARISON OF SINGLE-SLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS FOR DETECTION OF PULMONARY NODULES IN DOGS

Two dogs (4 and 38 kg) with radiographic evidence of pulmonary nodules were evaluated using single-slice, helical computed tomography (CT). Each thorax was scanned using 12 combinations of examination parameters that included slice collimation width (3 and 5 mm for the small dog and 5 and 7 mm for the large dog), pitch (1, 1.5, and 2), and reconstruction interval (0.5 and 1). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for nodule detection were evaluated for each protocol by three different observers, their results being compared with a consensus evaluation of images acquired with the protocol providing the best theoretic resolution (narrow collimation, pitch of 1, reconstruction interval of 0.5). For all observers, sensitivity and accuracy were significantly increased when using a protocol with narrow collimation ( P <0.0001–0.005 and P =0.0003–0.005, respectively). Pitch and reconstruction interval did not significantly influence the accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity for at least two of the observers. Additionally, nodule size (<3 mm vs. ≥3 mm) did not significantly affect nodule detection. Interobserver repeatability was variable among protocols (κ=0.32–0.78), highlighting the fact that nodule detection may be more dependent on the observer than on the choice of the CT protocol. For single-slice CT, the results of this study suggest that narrow collimation (3–5 mm, depending on the animal's size), a pitch of 2 and a reconstruction interval of 1 should be used in dogs for the detection of pulmonary nodules.     

QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION OF PULMONARY DISEASE

Objective assessment of pulmonary disease from computed tomography (CT) examinations is desirable but difficult. When such assessments can be made, it is important that they are related to some part of the pathophysiologic process present. Herein we propose that automated volume histogram analysis can yield data that allow differentiation of normal from abnormal lung, and that the magnitude of disease will have an association with objective CT indices. Data from pulmonary CT images from 34 foxes (six uninfected controls and 28 infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum , subdivided by age and infective dose) were available. Lung tissue was segmented from surrounding tissue using an automated segmentation method. A volume histogram showing voxel frequency for each CT number in the range −1024 to −250 HU was created from the entire image stack from each fox. Using these data, the inter-quartile range and the CT number at the 95th percentile were determined. The results showed that segmentation could be readily achieved but that areas of severely diseased lung were excluded. Based on two-way analysis of variance for both the inter-quartile range and the CT number at the 95th percentile, both quantities were significantly affected by the infection status of the animal and were related to worm burden ( P <0.001). The study shows that this form of analysis is readily achieved and provides quantitative data that can be used to assess disease severity, progression, and response to treatment.     

不同坡面微集雨措施对红花生长的影响

[目的]利用微集雨技术在伊犁河谷温性荒漠类草地坡面种植红花,为红花旱作种植和草地水蚀荒漠化防治提供技术支撑。[方法] 2021年4—9月在新疆伊宁市铁厂沟观测场布设了对照、凹坑、水平阶、方片埂、等高垄5个处理,使用径流小区自然降雨观测法监测了降雨量,各处理的径流量、土壤流失量,以及红花生长等数据,用TDR监测了0—10 cm土层含水量,用FAO Penman-Monteith模型估算了红花潜在蒸散发量。[结果]观测期总降雨量为53.1 mm,红花潜在蒸散发量呈“先增加,后减少”的趋势。5种措施中,对照处理的径流量最大,为6.50×10^-2 mm,该处理红花未出苗;方片埂处理的土壤流失量最大,为0.684 t/km²。5种处理表层土壤含水量在6月最低,平均值为1.50%。未观测到径流的凹坑处理开花期红花存活16株,株高25.3 cm,生长最好。[结论]开花期5种微集雨小区红花长势的顺序为：凹坑>水平阶、方片埂、等高垄>对照。观测小区总径流量越少,越有利于红花的存活和生长。     

Morphological and histological characterization of an ectopically mineralized structure in a gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata with opercular deformation

In this study, we describe an abnormal ectopically mineralized structure (EMS) that was found inside the skull of a juvenile Sparus aurata that also showed a bilateral opercular deformation. The overall phenotype and tissue composition were studied using micro‐CT scanning and histological analyses. The ectopic structure occupies a large volume of the brain cavity, partially extruding into the gill cavity. It shows a dense mineralization and an extracellular matrix‐rich phenotype, with variation in both the morphology and size of the cell lacunae, combined with an irregular fibre organization inside the matrix. This study is the first to report such an EMS in a juvenile teleost fish, where the tissue does not resemble any other connective tissue type described in bony fish so far. The tissue phenotype seems to rule out that the EMS corresponds to a tumorous cartilage. Yet, it is rather reminiscent of a highly mineralized structure found in cartilaginous fish, where it is suggested to be associated with damage repair.