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71.
不同肥料滴灌配施夏玉米产量与氮磷钾吸收利用特性 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以郑单958为材料,在滴灌施肥条件下设不施氮(N0)、不施磷(P0)、不施钾(K0)和氮磷钾均施(NPK)4个处理,以传统灌溉施肥方式(施用量同NPK处理)为对照,研究滴灌水肥一体不同肥料配施夏玉米产量与氮磷钾吸收、分配及利用特性。结果表明,滴灌条件下,相较于磷钾肥,玉米对氮肥更敏感。N0处理的产量、干物质积累量、整株氮磷吸收量均显著降低,其叶片钾含量、茎鞘磷含量极显著增加,导致叶片钾积累量、茎鞘磷积累量显著增加。P0和K0处理玉米产量、干物质积累量、植株氮素吸收量均与NPK处理无显著差异,分别导致磷素和钾素吸收量显著降低。不施磷钾肥处理氮素从秸秆向子粒的转运受到限制,子粒含氮量下降,氮素收获指数显著降低。滴灌条件下,氮磷钾肥平衡施用玉米养分吸收均衡、分配合理,物质生产和产量显著高于传统灌溉施肥方式。 相似文献
72.
为明确新型尿素在冬小麦的应用效果,采用田间试验,研究了普通尿素(Urea)、控失尿素(LC Urea)、海藻酸尿素(H Urea)、聚能网尿素(N Urea)、含锰尿素(Mn Urea)、控失尿素一次施肥(LC Urea 1)、普通尿素+等量锰(Urea+Mn)和不施肥(CK)对冬小麦产量、叶片SPAD、叶片光合生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理的小麦拔节期叶片SPAD分别显著提高1500%和1300%,灌浆期净光合速率分别显著增加3304%和2076%,气孔导度分别显著提高2609%和2174%,氮素积累量分别显著增加1439%和1236%,氮肥利用率分别提高4575%和3902%。N Urea和Mn Urea处理与Urea处理的产量无显著差异,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理显著增产1449%和1333%。控失尿素和海藻酸尿素能够有效提高穗数,改善冬小麦光合生理特性,促进氮素吸收利用,提高冬小麦产量和氮肥利用率,可在豫北潮土区推广应用。 相似文献
73.
磷肥与有机肥配施对土壤-花生系统磷素及花生产量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为探求适合河南省花生产区磷与有机肥合理的配施比例,采用田间试验研究不同磷用量(45、90和135 kg/hm2)与有机肥用量(0.75、1.50和2.25 t/hm2)配施对花生产量及磷素吸收、土壤Hedley各磷素形态含量与分配及磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,相同磷用量下,与2.25 t/hm2有机肥用量相比,0.75和1.50 t/hm2有机肥用量下,花生产量显著提高8.2%~11.8%,地上部干物质重显著降低17.1%~64.3%;相同有机肥用量下,增施磷肥显著增加花生地上部生物量,但对产量无显著影响。花生不同部位磷含量对磷与有机肥配施的响应表现为,中高量有机肥和磷肥处理分别显著高于低量有机肥和磷肥处理,而中量和高量有机肥、磷肥处理间差异因植株部位不同而异。土壤不同磷组分对磷与有机肥的响应存在差异,其中活性磷组分(H2O-P和NaHCO3-Pi)和中等稳定性磷组分(NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po)含量随磷肥与有机肥用量增加而增加,土壤稳定性磷组分(HCl-P和Residual-P)随磷肥与有机肥用量变化差异不显著。有机肥和磷肥对土壤磷酸酶的影响不同,增加有机肥能显著提高土壤磷酸酶活性,但增施磷肥抑制土壤磷酸酶活性。综合而言,磷肥与有机肥合理配施能显著提高花生产量、花生各部位磷素含量、土壤活性磷含量及土壤磷酸酶活性,过量施用有机肥和磷肥均可造成花生营养生长过旺,产量下降,还不利于提高花生体内磷含量。本试验条件下在施用45 kg/hm2磷肥基础上配施0.75~1.5 t/hm2的有机饼肥有利于改善土壤-花生系统磷素营养,促进花生产量提高,可在豫南砂姜黑土花生种植区示范应用。 相似文献
74.
氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响 总被引:42,自引:1,他引:42
采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计,在大田试验条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响,并探讨了3种肥料间的互作效应。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥的施用均可以显著提高水稻产量,且3种肥料配施的增产效果显著优于任两种肥料配施。氮、磷、钾肥的施用可以改善部分米质性状,如提高整精米率,降低垩白度、稻谷长宽比和精米直链淀粉含量;氮、磷肥的施用还可提高糙米蛋白质含量,降低青米率。施用氮、磷、钾肥后,水稻养分总吸收量和每100 kg籽粒养分需求量显著增加,而养分干物质生产效率和养分稻谷生产效率显著下降,且3种肥料的吸收利用率、农学利用率及生理利用率均随施肥量的增加而下降。氮、磷、钾肥两两互作对水稻产量均有极显著的影响,当肥料用量处于低中水平时,互作效应均表现为协同促进作用,肥料用量超过一定水平后则表现为拮抗作用。对水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收影响最大的交互作用分别是氮钾、氮磷和磷钾互作。总体来看,肥料对水稻生长的影响是多方面的,肥料用量及配比应在综合考虑水稻产量、品质及肥料利用率的基础上确定。 相似文献
75.
畜禽粪肥与化肥配施对春小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为了解不同畜禽粪肥在春小麦生产上的应用效果,通过盆栽试验,在氮磷钾养分等量的情况下,比较分析了施用猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪和羊粪后春小麦产量和养分吸收利用的差异。结果表明,4种畜禽粪肥与化肥配施均能提高春小麦产量,促进养分吸收,提高肥料利用效率,培肥土壤,尤其以鸡粪与化肥配施效果最好。相比单施化肥处理,鸡粪与化肥配施处理的籽粒和秸秆产量分别提高13.43%和8.20%,籽粒和秸秆中的氮、磷和钾含量分别提高0.73%、9.74%、6.98%和2.86%、4.00%、9.19%,氮、磷和钾的累积量分别提高了14.27%、22.81%、22.81%和11.48%、11.11%、18.07%;氮素收获指数、氮肥农学效率、氮肥吸收利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥生理利用效率分别提高0.48%、52.77%、42.51%、13.46%和33.71%;磷素收获指数、磷肥农学效率、磷肥吸收利用效率、磷肥偏生产力和磷肥生理利用效率分别提高2.42%、52.77%、62.00%、13.47%和25.82%;钾素收获指数、钾肥农学效率、钾肥吸收利用效率、钾肥偏生产力和钾肥生理利用效率分别提高2.45%、52.77%、55.72%、13.47%和29.11%。土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高5.75%、10.94%、22.26%、1.95%、9.42%、26.85%和28.43%。 相似文献
76.
Imdad Ullah ZAID Sajid Hanif MUHAMMAD Na ZHANG Xin ZHENG Likun WANG Xiaofang LI 《土壤圈》2022,32(4):555-564
Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat(Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat cultivars was collected from the North China Plain. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic variations in response to Cd stress and subjected to a genome-wide association study(GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) associated with the phenotypic variatio... 相似文献
77.
Chang Hoon Lee Ui Gum Kang Ki Do Park Do Kyoung Lee Pil Joo Kim 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1496-1506
ABSTRACT Long-term fertilization tests evaluated rice (Oryza sativa) productivity in relation to application of nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) (120-34.9-66.7 kg ha? 1, respectively) during 1967–1972 and N-P-K (150-43.7-83.3 kg ha? 1, respectively) during 1973–2000. The comparison treatments (NP, PK, and NK) and the control (not fertilized) were selected for calculating nutrient efficiency. Rice grain yield increased at a 17.78 kg ha? 1 yr? 1 in the control, mainly due to development of improved cultivars. Phosphorus management was found to be important for indigenous fertility and rice productivity in this paddy soil. Yield increased significantly with P fertilization. Without N fertilization (PK), rice productivity increased 56.85 kg ha? 1 yr? 1 from 62% of NPK at the initial stage to 74% after passing 34 years, which might be affected by increasing biological N fixation with P accumulation in soil. In NK treatment, rice yield increased at a relatively low rate (37.82 kg hr? 1 yr? 1) from the same rice productivity with that of NPK in 1967 to 91% after 34 years. In comparison, yield increased at a high rate (62.82 kg hr? 1 yr? 1) without K fertilization (NP) from ca. 90% of NPK and might exceed the yield of NPK after 64 years of long-term fertilization. Therefore, K fertilization level might be readjusted after long-term fertilizing in paddy soil. 相似文献
78.
Taek-Ryoun Kwon Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui Phil J.C. Harris 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):644-667
ABSTRACT Effects of three supplemental calcium (Ca++; 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mole m?3) concentrations on ion accumulation, transport, selectivity, and plant growth of salt-sensitive species, Brassica rapa ‘Sani’ in saline medium were investigated. Supplemental Ca++ in the presence of 125 mol m?3 sodium chloride (NaCl) did not improve the dry weight and leaf area indicating no role played by Ca++ in the alleviation of salinity induced growth inhibition. However, calcium chloride (CaCl2) did significantly affect sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and Ca++ contents of roots and shoots. The ion contents of shoots were significantly greater than those of roots per g dry weight, indicating ion transportation to shoots is greater than ion accumulation in roots. Use of CaCl2 in 125 mol m?3 NaCl reduced the Na+ content but increased K+ and Ca++ contents in shoots. Sodium contents in shoots differed among the supplemental Ca++ treatments indicating the role of CaCl2 in Na+ ions transportation. Calcium content in shoots declined significantly in the control treatment (0 CaCl2) but increased significantly in 10 mol m?3 CaCl2. The root also showed the effects of Ca++ on the reduction of Na+ content and the increase of K+ and Ca++ content. Unexpectedly, 5 mol m?3 CaCl2 induced the highest Na+ content in roots at 16 days after treatment. Supplemental CaCl2 application influenced the K+ or Ca++ selectivity over Na+ in two ways, ion accumulation at roots and transport to shoots. However, high CaCl2 treatments allowed greater Ca++ selectivity over Na+ than low CaCl2. Likewise, high supplemental CaCl2 showed higher K+ selectivity over Na+ than low CaCl2. A marked increase in K+ versus Na+ selectivity for the transport process occurred at 10 mol m?3 CaCl2 treatments. The roots and shoots exhibited higher K+/Na+ and Ca++/Na+ ratios in high CaCl2 treatment than in low. The results are discussed in context to supplemental Ca++ concentrations, ions accumulation, transportation and selectivity of salt sensitive Brassica rapa cultivar. 相似文献
79.
Table grape quality and firmness are key parameters for Chile's export, given distances from the main markets. As a consequence, calcium (Ca) fertilization has become a standard practice in the country, although its effects have not been fully evaluated. The objectives in this study were to investigate the effects of calcium fertilization on table grape nutrition and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted in central Chile, using grapevines (Vitis vinifera) cv. ‘Thompson seedless’, grown on an overhead trellis system. Calcium (CaCl2) application treatments included foliar, soil, foliar plus soil, and a control without Ca fertilization. Calcium and other nutrients concentration were determined afterwards in soil, leaves, and berries. Also, yield and some fruit quality parameters were evaluated. Calcium application method did not have an effect on soil, leaf or fruit Ca content, neither on yield and berry sugar concentration, with levels being similar to the control treatment. Additionally, in treatments where CaCl2 was applied to soil, chlorides concentration in soil, leaves, and berries were higher. Also, berries were larger, more turgent, with lower dry matter and larger cells. In the second season, in these same treatments, berry firmness at harvest was higher, but this effect disappeared after the storage simulation period. These results question the validity that Ca applications might improve table grape postharvest quality for growing conditions similar to the ones in this experiment. The temporal changes in berry quality parameters were attributed to higher Cl soil content and the associated plant osmoregulatory mechanisms. 相似文献
80.
Fahim Nawaz R. Ahmad E. A. Waraich M. S. Naeem R. N. Shabbir 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):961-974
The response of different wheat cultivars to drought imposed after three and six weeks of seedling emergence was evaluated in the wire house. The seeds of recommended local wheat cultivars were sown in plastic pots. The drought stress decreased the water relation, nutrient uptake and grain yield of all the wheat cultivars. The early drought stress significantly reduced the nitrogen (N) uptake by 38% while late drought stress decreased nitrogen uptake by 46%. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake were decreased by 49% and 37% under early drought stress, respectively while their uptake was decreased by 51% each under late drought stress. Grain yield was reduced by 24% under early drought stress while it was reduced by 60% under late drought stress. Water deficit at early growth stages reduced grain weight by 10% while it was reduced by 35% under water deficit at later stages of growth. 相似文献