Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance,Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet

High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.     

Cortisol Release in Mares Treated With Oxytocin Because of Retained Fetal Membranes

Mares give birth under high parasympathetic tone as indicated by increased heart rate variability (HRV) and atrioventricular blocks. These changes might be induced by oxytocin released at foaling. In this short communication, the cardiac (n = 4) and cortisol response (n = 3) of mares treated with oxytocin infusions because of fetal membrane retention are reported. A marked cortisol release occurred during oxytocin infusion in two mares but not in a third mare which was infused for 6 minutes only. Oxytocin-induced cortisol release was neither accompanied by an increase in heart rate nor a decrease in HRV, and heart rate even decreased during oxytocin infusions. Preliminary data indicate that cortisol release in oxytocin-treated mares is not a stress response. Treatment of retained membranes in mares with oxytocin does not induce cardiovascular side effects.     

茶皂素膜滤分离纯化放大实验

茶皂素是从茶饼粕提取的一种五环三萜类混合物,其成分复杂,纯化方法较多,但都存在着成本较高,收率较低,纯度不高的现象。在原有的研究基础上采用陶瓷膜超滤结合有机膜纳滤浓缩技术对茶皂素进行分离纯化,并在工业上进行小试试验,结果表明,经过0.02μm的超滤陶瓷膜和截留分子量在200～1000Da的有机纳滤膜浓缩后,经喷雾干燥,产品的纯度从51%提高到88.2%,得率为68.2%。     

陶瓷膜用于有机硅废水除油纯化研究

采用陶瓷膜对有机硅废水进行除油纯化研究,分析膜通量随运行时间的衰减变化趋势,考察跨膜压差、膜面流速、浓缩倍数对膜通量的影响,确定恢复膜通量的方法,并比较两种陶瓷膜管的不同分离效果。结果表明,50 nm陶瓷膜能有效截留有机硅废水中的油类,过滤有机硅废水时平均通量达到340L/(m2·h),油去除率99%以上,满足后续生化处理需求。     

Growth,feed utilization,body composition and swimming performance of giant croaker,Nibea japonica Temminck and Schlegel,fed at different dietary protein and lipid levels

A 50‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and swimming performance of giant croaker, Nibea japonica. Fish (initial body weight 44.6 g ind⁻¹) were fed ten test diets which were formulated at 5 crude protein levels (360, 400, 440, 480 and 520 g kg⁻¹) and 2 crude lipid levels (90 and 150 g kg⁻¹). In addition, a raw fish diet (fillet of small yellow croaker) served as the reference. The weight gain (WG) increased, whereas the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased, with increasing dietary protein level from 360 to 520 g kg⁻¹. At the same dietary protein level, no significant difference was found in the WG between fish fed the diets containing 90 or 150 g kg⁻¹ crude lipid. Fish fed the diet containing 480 g kg⁻¹ crude protein and 90 g kg⁻¹ crude lipid exhibited higher WG, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) and energy retention efficiency (ERE) but lower nitrogen wastes output (TNW). At the end of the feeding trial, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) decreased, whereas the body protein content increased, with increase in dietary protein level. The body lipid content was higher in fish fed at the 150 g kg⁻¹ lipid level than in fish fed at the 90 g kg⁻¹ lipid level. No significant difference was found in the maximum sustained swimming speed (MSS) between fish fed at different dietary protein and lipid levels. The WG, NRE, ERE and condition factor (CF) were higher, whereas the FI, FCR, HSI, VSI and TNW were lower, in fish fed the raw fish diet than in fish fed the diet containing 480 g kg⁻¹ crude protein and 90 g kg⁻¹ crude lipid. No significant difference was detected in the MSS between fish fed the raw fish diet and diet containing 480 g kg⁻¹ crude protein and 90 g kg⁻¹ crude lipid. The results of this study suggest that the suitable dietary crude protein and crude lipid levels are 480 g kg⁻¹ and 90 g kg⁻¹ for giant croaker reared in net pens.     

膜分离技术在水处理中的研究及应用进展

给出了膜分离技术的原理及国内外膜分离技术的分类,探讨了国内外膜分离技术在水处理中的研究及应用现状。     

DCS控制系统在离子膜烧碱装置中的应用

文章介绍的是四万吨离子膜法烧碱装置的控制方案,包括整个控制系统的装置、工艺流程和系统配置。本控制系统主要采用和利时公司的DCS系统,满足了生产工艺的需求,实现了整个生产过程的自动化控制。     

毛喉素对猪卵母细胞降脂及冷冻保护效果研究

猪卵母细胞脂质含量高被认为是其冷冻效率低下的重要因素之一。本文通过在猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加化学降脂剂毛喉素(forskolin),检测冷冻前后成熟卵母细胞的脂滴含量、脂滴超微结构、线粒体膜电位、活性氧水平、早期凋亡指标、冻后存活率及发育潜能变化等,研究其对猪卵母细胞降脂和冷冻保护的效果。结果显示,成熟过程中毛喉素处理可部分提高卵母细胞成熟率,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。尼罗红荧光染色显示,毛喉素处理后卵母细胞内脂滴数量及面积在冷冻前后均极显著低于未处理组(P<0.01);超微结构观察发现,经毛喉素处理的卵母细胞中非均质脂滴数量与均质脂滴数量的比例扩大,且比均质脂滴面积更大;冷冻后,卵母细胞中以非均质脂滴为主,脂滴变小变少,分布不均匀,毛喉素处理后非均质与均质间的脂滴数量比例进一步增加。毛喉素处理极显著上调冻后卵母细胞线粒体膜电位(1.04 vs. 0.51,P<0.01),减轻氧化应激,降低早期凋亡率(68.30%vs. 86.03%,P<0.01),从而有效提高了冷冻后卵母细胞的存活率(71.17%vs. 51.47%,P<0.01)和孤雌激活卵...     

梭梭对干旱的适应及抗旱机理研究进展

综合国内外对梭梭抗旱胁迫的研究成果,从水分生理、光合生理、解剖结构、渗透调节、膜系统保护酶、激素等方面阐述了梭梭对干旱的适应及抗旱机理,在此基础上提出了有关领域应重点研究的工作。