模拟酸雨对葡萄叶片的生理伤害

研究了模拟酸雨对巨峰葡萄叶片的伤害作用。结果表明：经pH3.5、pH2.5和pH2.0的酸雨处理后叶片在短期内均出现不同程度的伤害斑，叶绿素含量和净光合速率下降。酸雨处理使SOD活性及不饱昨脂肪酸指数（IUFA）下降，同时使MDA含量、细胞膜透性及乙烯生成速度显著增加。     

犬冠状病毒TN449株M基因的克隆与转移载体的构建

用蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化犬冠状病毒TN449株病毒液，提取总RNA并反转录，同时设计1对5’端加有BamHⅠ和HindⅢ内切酶位点的引物，对病毒cDNA进行了PCR扩增，回收PCR产物将其连接入pGEM-T Easy载体并转化大肠埃希氏菌。并对阳性重组质粒菌测序和序列分析。结果，犬冠状病毒与牛冠状病毒、猫冠状病毒、猫传染性腹膜炎病毒、人冠状病毒、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鼠传染性肝炎病毒、猪呼吸道冠状病毒、人重症急性呼吸道综合征病毒和猪胃肠炎病毒的同源性分别是39．39％、85．41％、83．98％、36．80％、26．64％、37．23％、93．51％、29．009／5和94．81％；犬冠状病毒M蛋白有3个疏水性结构域。同时构建了pET28a-CCV-M表达质粒。     

富硒乳酸菌对小鼠组织脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]探讨富硒乳酸菌对健康小鼠,组织脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]选择30只健康小鼠,随机分为对照组(C组)和富硒乳酸菌组(Se组)。分别于试验后第2、4、6周,迅速采集肝脏、心脏、脾脏和肾脏等。同时,测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量。[结果]整个试验期内,C组和Se组体重均随周龄增加而上升,两组间没有显著差异;Se组小鼠肝脏、心脏、肾脏和脾脏GSH-Px活性总体水平高于或显著高于C组;Se组4种组织SOD活性除肾脏第4周显著升高之外,其余升高均不显著;Se组肝脏CAT活性稍有降低,心脏均为上升,肾脏、脾脏在前4周下降,以后上升;试验期内Se组4种组织MDA含量在前4周多有波动,第6周均低于C组。[结论]富硒乳酸菌能够通过提高组织抗氧化酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化产物,保护机体免受脂质过氧化损伤。     

Cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic components of membrane stability of winter wheat plants exposed to sub‐zero temperatures

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is seeded in the autumn and harvested the following summer, and therefore, must survive multiple episodes of subfreezing temperatures throughout the winter months. Cellular membrane stability following exposure to subfreezing temperatures contributes to the ability to survive these episodes. This study investigated the inheritance of the ability to tolerate subfreezing temperatures with a seven‐parent diallel cross analysis of cellular membrane integrity as measured by electrolyte leakage after exposure to ?10 or ?14 °C. Significant differences in membrane stability were found among the parent lines. The inheritance of the freezing tolerance as measured by electrolyte leakage was complex and characterized by significant additive, dominant and cytoplasmic effects. General combining ability, indicative of additive genetic effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for 25.5% of the variance at the ?10° C test temperature, and only 4% of the variance at the ?14 °C test temperature. Specific combining ability, indicative of genetic dominance effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for only 14.6% of the variance at the ?10 °C test temperature, and 38% of the variance at the ?14 °C test temperature. Reciprocal (cytoplasmic) effects were significant and accounted for about 20% of the variance at both test temperatures. Cytoplasmic effects contributing to greater membrane stability were especially apparent in the cultivar Tiber when crossed to Masami, Lewjain, or Hatton. These results suggest that efforts to improve freezing tolerance are complicated by differing gene action at different test temperatures and also may benefit from identifying specific combinations of nuclear and cytoplasm sources that are most conducive to membrane stability following freezing.     

不同脂肪源饲料对养成期彭泽鲫生长、体组成和血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同脂肪源对养成期彭泽鲫生长、体组成、抗氧化和血清生化指标的影响,试验配制4种含有鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、菜籽油(CO)和大豆磷脂(SL)的饲料,投喂初始体重为(53.63±0.10)g的养成期彭泽鲫(Carassius auratus var.Pengze)56 d。结果显示:大豆磷脂组增重率显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05),较菜籽油组提高了5.91%,与鱼油、豆油组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫全鱼粗灰分均无显著影响。鱼油组肌肉粗蛋白质含量较大豆磷脂组提高了6.24%(P<0.05),与豆油组及菜籽油组无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同脂肪源对彭泽鲫肌肉水分和粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。豆油组的血清溶菌酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);大豆磷脂组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性较菜籽油组提高了19.89%(P<0.05),但与鱼油和豆油组无显著差异(P>0.05);鱼油组和大豆磷脂组的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于菜籽油组,分别较菜籽油组提高了11.04%和10.48%(P<0.05),但与豆油组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合以上4种饲料脂肪源对鱼体生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化指标的影响,鱼油、豆油和大豆磷脂可作为养成期彭泽鲫饲料合适的脂肪源,而菜籽油不适宜作为彭泽鲫饲料的单一脂肪源。     

苜蓿黄酮对肉兔生长性能、肉品质和脂质氧化的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加紫花苜蓿黄酮类化合物对生长肉兔生产性能、胴体特性、肉质和脂质氧化的影响。试验选择160只42日龄的杂交肉兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只肉兔。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加0.04%、0.08%和0.12%苜蓿黄酮,试验从断奶(42 d)开展到屠宰(102 d),共60 d。试验结束后,每组随机选择12只肉兔(3只/重复),记录其胴体特征,采集血浆、肝脏和最长肌进行脂质氧化试验。结果发现:日粮添加不同水平的苜蓿黄酮对肉兔末重、日采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。除了0.12%和0.04%苜蓿黄酮组较对照组显著提高了最长肌肉色亮度外(P<0.05),日粮添加不同水平的苜蓿黄酮对屠体分割重量和其他肉质指标的影响均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加苜蓿黄酮显著影响肌肉的硫代巴比妥酸反应物值,表现为显著降低肌肉丙二醛含量(P<0.05),其中0.12%苜蓿黄酮组肌肉丙二醛含量最低。结论:在本试验条件下,在肉兔日粮中添加苜蓿黄酮可以改善肌肉氧化稳定性,对动物生长性能无负面影响,但对肉色亮度参数有轻微影响。     

Changes in microbial communities and carbohydrate profiles induced by the mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.)

The influence of inoculation of olive trees with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus (G) intraradices, on microbial communities and sugar concentrations, were examined in rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.). Analyses of phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFA and NLFA, respectively) were then used to detect changes in microbial community structure in response to inoculation of plantlets with G. intraradices.Microscopic observations studies revealed that the extraradical mycelium of the fungus showed formation of branched absorbing structures (BAS) in rhizosphere of olive tree. Root colonization with the AM fungi G. intraradices induced significant changes in the bacterial community structure of olive tree rhizosphere compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The largest proportional increase was found for the fatty acid 10Me18:0, which indicated an increase in the number of actinomycetes in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil, whereas the PLFAs i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, 16:1ω7 and cy17:0 which were used as indicators of bacteria decreased in mycorrhizal treatment compared to non-mycorrhizal control treatment. A highest concentration of glucose and trehalose and a lowest concentration of fructose, galactose, sucrose, raffinose and mannitol were detected in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil. This mycorrhizal effect on rhizosphere communities may be a consequence of changes in characteristics in the environment close to mycorrhizal roots.     

Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance,Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet

High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.