提高旱农地区甘草田间出苗率的试验分析

通过随机区组田间试验的方法，对如何提高甘草田间出苗率进行了研究。试验证明：甘草的田间出苗率与播种深度呈负相关，若底墒好，播后不浇水，播深2．5－3．0cm，可提高其田间出苗率；若底墒差，播后浇水，播深1．5－2．0cm，亦能提高其田间出苗率。在新垦重盐碱地播种甘草，用生长素4号和1号拌种，可分别提高田间出苗率2．9倍和2．6倍。播后3d浇水比播后16d浇水的田间出苗率提高29．5％。     

Effect of nitrogen application during ripening period on photosynthesis and dry matter production and its impact on yield and yield components of semidwarf iniica rice varieties under water culture conditions

Abstract

A water culture pot experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of N application during the ripening period (RP) on photosynthesis, dry matter production, and its impact on grain ripening and yield in two semidwarf indica type varieties viz. Gui Zhao 2 (GZ) and BR3 (BR) compared with a japonica type variety Koganemasari (KO) under four N rates viz. 0 (N₀), 10 (N₁₀), 20 (N₂₀), and 40 (N₄₀) mg L^?1. Results showed that N application enabled to maintain a higher leaf area and delay leaf senescence in both indica and japonica type varieties but the decrease in the rate, of leaf area was higher in the former than in the latter and the rate was reduced with increasing N rates. Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values of N treated plants were higher throughout the RP, showing the presence of a significant correlation either for each variety or all the varieties together. Higher photosynthetic rate was supported by higher leaf chlorophyll (SPAD value basis) content, stomatai conductance, and N concentration in leaf blades. Top dry matter content increased with increasing N rates mainly due to mean leaf area rather than NAR except for BR during RP but it was higher in KO than in GZ and BR. Reduction of shoot weight due to translocation of dry matter to panicles during RP was suppressed by N rates both in GZ and BR while shoot weight increased in the N-treated plants in KO. The dependency of KO on current photosynthates for panicle weight was found to be almost hundred percent while the contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weight in GZ and BR was in the range of 4-27 and 33-54%, respectively and the rest was contributed by current photosynthates. The percentage increased with increasing N rates. Percentage of ripened grains (PRG) increased with increasing N rates in GZ and BR due to the increase in dry matter production and in the photosynthetic rates of apex leaves, despite the larger spikelet number and larger hull size. However, KO showed almost no variation although it had the highest PRG among the varieties. Brown rice yield followed the same pattern as that of PRG in GZ and BR and the highest yield was produced by BR followed by GZ and KO. These results suggest that N application during RP was more effective in increasing yield in the semidwarf indica type varieties than in the japonica type variety.     

一种新的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法

本文介绍了一种以医用血清瓶作发酵瓶、用医用注射器来量测所产沼气的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法。实践表明此法简单实用、快速准确。     

Preparation of Alginate-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine

Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The present review provides an overview of the properties and processing methods of alginates, as well as their applications in wound healing, tissue repair and drug delivery in recent years.     

密度和追肥时期对重穗型冬小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应

密度和追肥时期对重穗型高产冬小麦的群体发展,冠层辐射和光合特性有明显的调节效应.随着密度增加,开花前的叶面积指数(LAI)、群体净光合速率(NCP)、群体叶源量(CLSC)提高,但生育后期衰减较快;密度过高导致群体透光率下降,消光系数增加,单茎受光量降低,冠层光环境恶化,后期旗叶的羧化效率降低;密度过低则导致生育前期漏光损失     

中药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响

选取28日龄体质量相近的杜长大断奶仔猪72头,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头,各重复公母猪各半进行28 d的饲养试验,试验共设对照组(基础日粮)、中药I组(基础日粮+1%中药配方I)、中药II组(基础日粮+1%中药配方II)、抗生素组(基础日粮+抗生素)4个处理,研究中药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明,饲粮中添加中药和抗生素提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增质量(ADG)(P>0.05),中药II组和中药I组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05),抗生素组也有不同程度的改善(P>0.05);各试验组显著减小了仔猪腹泻的持续时间和腹泻频率(P<0.05),中药II组极显著降低了腹泻频率(P<0.01),显著降低了腹泻指数(P<0.05),而抗生素组和中药I组的腹泻指数与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

中药饲料添加剂对法国肉用鹌鹑增重及肉质的影响

用1周龄法国肉用鹌鹑120只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只.第1～3组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加1％的党参、0.5％党参 0,5％黄芪、0.5％党参 0.5％艾叶,第4组为对照组.试验期为2～6周龄,共35d,每7d称重一次.试验结果表明,各试验组的增重与对照组相比,差异均显著(P<0.05);其中第3组效果最好(P<0.01).日粮蛋白质表观代谢率和料肉比,试验组均优于对照组(P<0.05).各组间的肌肉概略养分、pH值和胴体品质,除第1组的屠宰率略高外(P<0.05),其余差异均不显著(P>0.05).嫩度值差异极显著(P<0.01).血清总蛋白质和A/G差异不显著(P>0.05),但血糖含量差异较大(P<0.01).     

基于贝叶斯网络的中医辨证系统

将贝叶斯网络运用于中医辨证系统的研究,以更加量化中医辨证诊断系统.通过将中医体系中的916个证候,51项证素及其构成的1700条证名构成中医辨证贝叶斯网络的节点集,初步建立起中医辨证数据库并通过网络学习,形成中医辨证贝叶斯网络结构及概率表.利用建立的贝叶斯网络中医辨证系统,进行数据计量分析、推理验证证候—证素—证名间的关系,其结果与中医专家经验有很高的吻合性,尽管其仍未能全面反映中医辨证的思维能力.所以贝叶斯网络是对中医辨证进行信息挖掘处理的一种较好方法,可应用于中医人工智能辨证系统的建立.     

农村公共产品供给困境实例分析——以新型农村合作医疗为例

我国农村公共产品供给缺失、不足的现状积弊已久，应更多地予以其关注，加大供给投入和力度。鉴于医疗供给上的特殊性，及长期以来医疗供给存在的诸多弊端，本文以此为例，着重从空间布局和结构布局两个维度分析当前农村卫生服务体系建设的相关突出问题，并进行规避路径探析，俾使新型农村合作医疗的构建与完善能更贴近实际需求，能更快、更好地产生实效。     

凹叶厚朴材药两用林定向培育的密度控制

根据密度对凹叶厚朴人工林生长、干材和树皮生物量的影响规律,试验得出凹叶厚朴在 、 类地的造林密度以2500株·hm-2左右为宜.依据不同密度控制方式对林分生长、成材过程、径级结构、出材量和树皮产量的影响程度,认为定向培育凹叶厚朴材药两用林,于12～15a间伐1～2次,目标树保留密度以1505株·hm-2左右较为适宜.以利于改善凹叶厚朴林分结构、促进干材和树皮的合理发育、有效地提高凹叶厚朴人工林的出材量和生产力.