美系獭兔的胴体性状和肉品质特性研究

通过对20只美系獭兔屠宰性能和肉品质的测定，研究獭兔的生产性能和肉质特性及它们之间的关系，结果表明：美系獭兔5月龄的平均体重为2.533 kg,商用皮重0.410 kg,屠宰率为60.70%，右后腿重0.182 kg，体长和腰周长分别为30.69和18.04 cm；美系獭兔背最长肌和后腿肉的pH1(宰后1 h的pH)分别为6.42和6.43，pH24(宰后24 h的pH)分别为6.22和6.35,肉色L*值分别为54.66和52.67，a*值分别为12.37和9.89，b*值分别为9.06和4.08；兔肉的滴水损失、熟肉率、蒸煮损失、剪切力值、水分含量和肌内脂肪含量分别为2.06%、62.12%、30.44%、2.453 kg.f、73.60%和1.67%。商用皮重与热胴体重、体长存在极显著的正相关（P<0.01），与商用胴体重存在显著的正相关（P<0.05）。兔的体重（热胴体、商用胴〖JP2〗体、右后腿）、体型（体长和腰周长）与滴水损失、蒸煮损失呈负相关，与熟肉率、剪切力值呈正相关，但相关性都不显著（P>0.05）。     

云南主要地方牛种的屠宰性能研究

首次对云南主要地方牛种的屠宰性能作了研究。大额牛、云南瘤牛、迪庆黄牛、中甸牦牛和中甸牛扁牛的宰前活重（ｋｇ）分别为１７０．０±２５．０、３２４．５±２８．５、１６３．３０±２４．８９、３０９．１３±５９．７５和１８３．２５±２７．５９;胴体重（ｋｇ）分别为７８．１８±８．８２、１６５．９１±１６．２９、８３．８８±１５．４２、１７８．７７±３４．０８和８３．８５±１８．１４;屠宰率（％）分别为５２．５６±０．７８、５１．０８±１．５３、５１．２５±２．９０、５７．６０±４．５４和４５．４４±３．５１;净肉率（％）３９．７６±０．２４、３９．９７±１．２９、３９．７９±３．９２、４５．６８±４．３９和３４．３１±３．８５;眼肌面积（ｃｍ２）分别为４９．８４±１４．８２、７６．０７±３．６０、３３．２０±５．９２、５５．３５±１５．３１和３４．３７±９．７２。结果表明：大额牛、云南瘤牛、迪庆黄牛和中甸牦牛,在放牧条件下有较好的产肉性能,尤其是云南瘤牛、中甸牦牛的产肉性能更为突出。     

The effects of replacement of antibiotics with by‐products of oriental medicinal plants on growth performance and meat qualities in fattening pigs

The effect of by‐products of oriental medicinal plants (OMP; T1) containing 0.03% herb extracts (T2) or 0.1% aminolevulinic acid (T3) on the production performance of swine during the finishing period and on its meat quality were investigated. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the tested groups (P > 0.05). But the treated group showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and ash and lower protein than the control group. The T3 group showed a lower meat cholesterol content (38.42 mg/100 g) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The vitamin E content of the muscle in the treated groups was higher compared to the control group. No antibiotic content was detected in all treated and control samples. The values of the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of the treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the control group. The treated groups had significantly better (P < 0.05) sensory‐test scores for color, flavor, off‐flavor and total acceptability compared to the control group.     

饲养方式对城口山地鸡生长及部分肉质指标的影响

探讨饲养方式对城口山地鸡生长性能及部分肉质指标的影响,以期为选取城口山地鸡适宜的饲养方式提供理论依据.将600只体况相近的1日龄健康城口山地鸡(公母各半)作为试验鸡,随机分成两组,一组采用放养的饲养方式,另一组采用舍饲的饲养方式,每组设5个重复,各60只.饲喂至4月龄时,分别从每个重复中随机抽取6只(公母各半),每组共30只鸡(公母各半)进行屠宰,取肉样,测定并比较生长性能、物理性状和肉质营养成分等指标.结果表明:饲养方式对4月龄城口山地鸡生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响无统计学意义(p0.05);物理性状方面,饲养方式对4月龄城口山地鸡公鸡胸肌pH值影响差异有统计学意义(p0.05),对公鸡胸、腿肌的L*值,a*值影响差异有统计学意义(p0.05),对其他性状影响差异无统计学意义(p0.05).饲养方式对4月龄城口山地鸡生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响均无统计学意义,而根据舍饲效率更高、成本较低、便于管理的特点,笔者认为饲养城口山地鸡至4月龄时使用舍饲方式较适宜.     

天然草原青干草对农区洼地绵羊肉品质的影响

本研究旨在研究天然草原青干草对农区洼地绵羊肉品质的影响。选取4月龄洼地绵羊公羊27只,组间平均体重(20.0±0.5) kg,按随机区组原则分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复3只):试验Ⅰ组饲喂天然草原青干草,试验Ⅱ组饲喂青贮玉米秸和花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂青贮玉米秸和苜蓿,试验期105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。结果表明,肉色、大理石花纹、pH、熟肉率等指标3个试验组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),失水率试验Ⅰ组显著低于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);剪切力试验Ⅰ组显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分3个试验组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),粗灰分试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅲ组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。氨基酸总含量3个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05),鲜味氨基酸试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组。综合研究表明,与农区秸秆饲料相比,天然草原青干草可以在一定程度上提高农区洼地绵羊羊肉的食用价值和营养物质含量,同时改善了羊肉风味,可在农区推广使用天然草原青干草。     

新型肉干加工工艺及质量控制方法研究

针对传统工艺生产的肉干存在质地坚硬、咀嚼困难和干燥时间过长等问题,在借鉴西式肉制品加工理论和工艺的基础上,提出了“先成型后切块”的肉干加工新工艺及其质量控制方法,研究了“肉干坯微波成型”和“肉干分段—平衡脱水”等新技术,系统探讨了影响新型肉干品质的关键因素。研究表明:①在温度4℃下对原料肉腌制18h,并在转速25r/min下滚揉120min,可以显著改善肉干的成型性和质地;②采用2450MHz微波在800W功率下,对原料处理2～4min,肉干坯定型和熟化效果较好;③与传统脱水工艺相比较,采用90℃→70℃→55℃分段—平衡脱水干燥工艺,不仅使肉干的干燥脱水时间缩短了18%,且其产品质地均匀;④先成型后切块工艺加工的肉干易于咀嚼。新工艺加工的肉干,更能适应现代市场对于肉干制品质地、口感和营养等方面的需求。     

Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

Effect of micronized pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) as a substitute of soybean meal on tissue fatty acid composition and quality of broiler chicken meat

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of micronized pea seeds introduced into feed mixes for broilers on the slaughter yield, blood lipid parameters, content of fatty acids in selected tissues, and meat quality. The studies involved 150 1‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks split into three groups (for 42 days). The feed rations differed in terms of the source of proteins: in the control group (C), it was post‐extraction soybean meal (SBM) 100%; in group I, SBM 50% and micronized peas 50%; and in group II, micronized peas only, 100%. Irradiated pea seeds added to the feed ration for chicks reduced the fattening grade of carcasses (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant improvement of blood lipid indices was recorded. The share of the irradiated pea seeds in feed mixes decreased the share of saturated fatty acids in the muscles and abdominal fat and had a positive effect on the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic ratio, as well as the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (P < 0.05).     

Effect of a Previous Washing Step with Tannic Acid on the Quality of Minced Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) During Frozen Storage

Fatty fish have been recognized as potential raw material for production of minced meat; however, they are prone to oxidation and further deterioration. In the present study, the effect of washing and antioxidant (tannic acid) treatment on the quality of minced meat of Trachurus trachurus (horse mackerel) during frozen storage was observed. Minced meat of Trachurus trachurus was divided into three lots (T0, T1, and T2). T1 was washed with cold water, T2 with cold water containing tannic acid (100 mg/kg), and T0 was not washed. All the lots were frozen at ?40°C and stored at ?20 ± 2°C for 125 days and were subjected to biochemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluation at regular intervals of 25 days. The antioxidant treatment with tannic acid at the dosage used was found effective in minimizing the rancidity problems of minced meat (T2), compared to T0 and T1. During the whole period of storage, samples from T2 showed good quality in terms of microbiological, biochemical, and sensory analysis compared to T1 and T0.     

维生素D对家禽的营养研究进展

维生素D(VD)是一种脂溶性维生素,是动物体内不可缺少的,其在促进骨骼发育和钙磷吸收、改善动物肉品质及免疫细胞的形成等方面都起到重要的作用,虽然VD在动物体内可以合成,但其需要量较大,仍需要从食物中获得,饲料中添加的VD量过多或过少都会影响动物的生产性能、钙和磷的代谢和骨代谢等。因此,适宜的VD添加量具有重要的生物学意义。文章综述了家禽VD的需要量、影响因素及其生理功能。