翻堆工艺对0～15mm垃圾堆肥腐熟度空间变异影响研究

针对好氧堆肥高温发酵阶段堆体腐熟度差异大、空间存在变异的问题,以经北京市马家楼垃圾转运站筛分后的0-15mm生活垃圾为研究对象,在南宫堆肥厂隧道仓进行密闭式静态发酵试验。设计添加高温发酵阶段翻堆处理1次,与未经翻堆的处理进行对比,进行空间各种腐熟度指标测定及统计分析配对t检验。结果表明,未翻堆和翻堆物料的腐熟度指标经统计分析配对t检验,容重、pH值、EC、WSC、NH＋4-N、发芽率指数Pr值均小于0.01,差异极显著,含水率和E4/E6的Pr值小于0.05,差异显著;只有固相C/N的Pr值为0.445 5,大于0.05,差异不显著。高温发酵阶段进行翻堆处理,可以使堆体各处腐熟度均匀一致,空间变异性得到改善,同时可以明显促进微生物对垃圾的分解转化,加快垃圾的腐熟速度,提高堆肥产品的品质,为南宫堆肥厂提供了技术保障。     

水稻品种生育期、田块和播种期对稻曲病发生严重度的影响

利用早熟组和晚熟组各8个水稻品种采用随机区组设计连续进行两年田间试验,分析生育期与稻曲病严重度的关系,同时采用晚熟组5个品种分析田间厚垣孢子数量、播期与稻曲病发生严重度的关系。结果表明,水稻生育期、田间菌量与稻曲病田间发生的严重度呈显著正相关。早熟组各水稻品种的发病率均显著低于晚熟组各水稻品种,2005年晚熟组和早熟组品种的病穴率、病穗率和病粒率分别为76.3%、26.6%、4.6%和5.4%、0.8%、0.02%,2006年分别为75.7%、29.8%、4.7%和16.8%、3.3%、0.08%。此外,在上一年田间遗落菌量多的田块中各水稻品种稻曲病的发生程度显著高于菌量小的田块。晚熟组水稻品种的发病严重度与播种期无明显的相关性。据此认为,以种植晚熟水稻品种为主的北方稻区,种植早熟品种或进行轮作是防治该病的有效方法。     

菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥氮素变化及腐熟度影响

为揭示外源菌剂添加条件下牛粪堆肥氮素变化规律,探明菌剂组成对氮素转化和腐熟的影响机制,优选兼有保氮和促腐作用的功能菌剂配方,采用正交设计法,设置4个菌剂配方,并以加入商品菌剂和自然堆肥作为对照,研究牛粪堆肥过程的氮素变化和腐熟程度。结果表明,堆肥过程的降温腐熟阶段氮素有较大损失,以全氮、有机氮、铵态氮降幅较大。组成中较高比例的霉菌和酵母菌在降低全氮和有机氮的损失及促进腐熟方面作用显著;菌剂配比不当反而会影响腐熟。以枯草芽孢杆菌:地衣芽孢杆菌:绿色木霉:黑曲霉:酵母菌=0.5:0.5:1:1:2的菌剂配比,腐熟质量及保氮效果最好,优于市售菌剂。改善降温期真菌种群丰度和比例,是改良配方的关键。     

烤烟不同成熟度鲜烟叶组织结构研究

对烤烟品种G80上、中、下3个部位不同成熟度鲜烟叶进行石蜡切片研究,结果表明,随着成熟度提高,单位面积细胞数、单位长度栅栏细胞数、单位长度海绵细胞均呈减少趋势,而细胞间空隙率呈逐渐增大趋势.其中单位长度栅栏细胞数和细胞间空隙率可作为度量烟叶成熟度档次和确定适熟采收标准的最佳指标.     

关中麦垅移栽棉综合高产栽培技术优化研究

为了实现关中短季棉高产栽培 ,在夏棉春育 ,麦垅移栽 ,农膜全程覆盖的基础上 ,采取多因素综合试验 ,研究了麦垅移栽棉的不同密度与复硝钠、化肥施用量次与产量的函数关系。在前茬收获 662 5 .6kg/ hm2小麦的情况下 ,获得皮棉产量≥ 1 5 0 0 kg/ hm2农艺措施最佳组合 ,并进行了反馈试验和大田示范。经对不同植棉方式的经济效益和纤维品质比较 ,证明本研究是关中两熟高产的有效途径。     

Induction of bulb maturity of Ornithogalum thyrsoides

The influence of bulb maturity at bulb harvest on growth and flowering response of Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq. ‘Chesapeake Starlight’ was investigated. Experiments were designed to determine if bulb maturity can be induced by bulb storage temperatures and whether bulb maturity can be evaluated by flowering responses. Bulbs with all senesced leaves at harvest were considered “mature” or with emerging young leaves and re-growing young roots were considered “immature”. Bulbs were potted after 0, 3, and 6 weeks of 30 °C or 2 weeks of 10 °C given either in the middle or at the end of 6 weeks of 30 °C. Mature bulbs, as compared to immature bulbs, took longer for leaves to emerge when control bulbs that did not receive any temperature treatment after harvest were planted upon harvest. Leaf emergence of the immature bulbs was significantly earlier than that of the mature bulbs. Mature bulbs which received 30 °C for 3 weeks (30 °C/3 week) flowered 31 days faster than immature bulbs and all bulbs flowered. Leaf emergence and flowering of mature and immature bulbs that received 30 °C/6 weeks or 2 weeks of 10 °C in the middle of 6 weeks of 30 °C (30 °C/2 weeks–10 °C/2 week–30 °C/3 weeks) did not differ from each other. Maturity can be induced by storing immature bulbs at 30 °C/6 weeks. Maturity, as evaluated by flowering percentage and days from leaf emergence to flowering, can be induced in O. thyrsoides. Immature bulbs can, therefore, be harvested for later forcing as long as bulbs are treated with 30 °C/6 weeks. It is proposed that maturity can be correlated with the speed of flowering and bulbs can be harvested at immature physiological state for forcing. Postharvest high-temperature treatment can be used to force immature bulbs that were harvested before the senescence of the leaves.     

西南干热河谷地区葡萄产期调节的可行性研究

对西南干热河谷地区生态因子的分析结果表明：不适宜的降水分布是该地区葡萄生产中最大的限制性因子,但其旱季中具有生产优质葡萄和葡萄酒的基本生态条件。此外,对葡萄产期调节的可行性及相关模式进行了探讨。     

鲜食马铃薯新品种天薯9号的选育

天薯9号是以91-26-116为母本,85-6-14为父本杂交选育而成的鲜食新品种。晚熟,从播种至成熟134d(天)左右。薯块圆形、皮色淡黄、薯肉白色、芽眼浅。单株块茎数2.1个左右,平均单薯质量172g,大中薯率87.6%。甘肃天水、临夏、渭源均可种植。     

猪粪堆肥腐熟指标的研究

摘要:通过2次室外中型堆肥试验,研究了在相同水分条件(68.8%),不同调理剂、不同碳氮比(C/N)、不同通气方式和不同添加剂对猪粪堆肥进程的影响,及各种指标在堆肥进程中的变化趋势,并提出了猪粪堆肥的腐熟指标。研究表明,固相C/N、NH+4-N含量、种子发芽率是较好地反映猪粪堆肥腐熟进程的生化指标,当固相C/N降至20∶1以下、NH+4-N含量小于20mg·kg-1、种子发芽率>70%时,可判定堆肥已腐熟。依据上述指标,并结合粪便无害化指标,可判定本研究中除第一次堆肥第一组、第二次堆肥第七组外,其余各组在第30～35d时已腐熟。     

"南蜜一号"早熟桃在广西种植表现及栽培技术

“南蜜一号”早熟桃在广西种植,表现果实外形美观、肉质爽脆、甜酸适口,适应性强,已成为广西山区恢复生态、退耕还林、增加农民收入的扶贫项目。选择地下水位低、排水好的壤土或沙质壤土种植,施足基肥,适时摘顶和修剪,花芽分化期通过断水断肥、喷施营养液促进花芽分化,结果期一年生树留果25~35个,丰产树留果250~350个,适时追施过冬肥、壮果肥,注意防治病虫害,盛果期密植园产量37500~45000kg/hm2。