牦牛、犏牛及黄牛肉脂肪酸和风味物质的分析

随机选取青海省果洛州同一放牧群体的1.5岁牦牛（♂）和犏牛（♂）各3头,与青海省湟中县1.5岁的3头黄牛（♂）做比较研究,利用气质联用仪对牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析,利用高效液相色谱法对其肉中的肌苷、肌苷酸和硫胺素进行测定,采用高氯酸滴定法测定其肉中谷氨酸钠的含量。结果表明：①牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;多不饱和脂肪酸在犏牛肉中含量最高,明显高于牦牛和黄牛肉（P〉0.05）。②牦牛肉肌苷的含量明显高于同龄黄牛（P〈0.05）;三种牛肉中肌苷酸的含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;犏牛肉硫胺素的含量最高,明显高于同龄黄牛（P〈0.05）;犏牛与黄牛肉谷氨酸钠的含量明显高于同龄牦牛（P〉0.05）。     

沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅱ病原菌生长与温度、酸碱度和营养的关系

沙打旺黄萎病菌（Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｄａｈｌｉａｅ，营养体亲和群ＶＣＧ２Ｂ）在５～３０℃均能生长，适温２０～２５℃，在３５℃时不能生长。在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内都能生长，２５℃时最适ｐＨ值为５．０～９．０。该菌利用可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖或甘油作碳源时均能正常生长，并生成微菌核，利用硝酸钾、尿素、甘氨酸作氮源时生长较快，以蛋白胨作氮源时，生长较慢，且不能生成微菌核     

Mechanical comparison of materials used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle joint in dogs

Objective The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The ability of No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material, when placed as extra-capsular sutures, to mitigate cranial drawer was evaluated in hindlimbs of cadavers. Design An in vitro mechanical study. Animals Seven pairs of hindlimbs harvested from adult greyhound dogs recently euthanased for other reasons. Procedure Samples of each material, including samples of 27 kg test leader material that had been sterilised by one of three methods (ethylene oxide, one or five cycles in an autoclave), were loaded to determine tensile and stress relaxation properties. The effect of cyclic loading on a No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test leader material was also determined. Using the harvested hindlimbs, cranial drawer was measured before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and on the first and twelfth cycle following extra-capsular stabilisation with either No. 5 polybu-tilate-coated multifilament suture or 36 kg test leader material. Results Leader material was found to have the most suitable mechanical characteristics for use as extracapsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Of the sterilisation methods, ethylene oxide was found to have the least detrimental effects on the handling and material characteristics of the leader material. Stifles stabilised with 36 kg test leader material had significantly less drawer than those stabilised with No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester suture. Clinical implications Monofilament nylon leader material would appear to have suitable mechanical properties for extra-capsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. If possible the material should be sterilised using ethylene oxide.     

不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响

文章旨在研究不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响。试验选择初始体重为(41.25±1.58)g的1日龄肉仔鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只,试验共进行8 d。试验共设计4种日粮,对照组饲喂低纤维水平日粮(中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别是37和16 g/kg),其他3组分别在对照组日粮中添加30 g/kg纤维素、甜菜粕和燕麦皮(添加量等量替代海泡石)。甜菜粕组肉鸡胃肠道相对重量显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。燕麦皮组肉鸡肌胃相对重量显著高于甜菜粕组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮和甜菜粕组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,甜菜粕较对照组显著提高了肌胃内容物相对重量(P <0.05)。与纤维素和燕麦皮组相比,甜菜粕组显著提高了嗉囊pH(P <0.05),降低了腺胃pH(P <0.05)。甜菜粕和燕麦皮组肌胃pH显著低于纤维素和对照组(P <0.05)。甜菜粕组空肠、梅克尔憩室和回肠pH显著高于对照组和燕麦皮组(P <0.05),而纤维素组PH最低(P <0.05)。燕麦皮和纤维素组结肠pH显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。日粮添加甜菜粕和燕麦皮可以提高肉鸡肌胃活力,降低胃肠道前段的pH,但对十二指肠pH无显著影响。燕麦皮对内容物pH和肌胃重量的影响与其具有较高的粒度平均直径有关,甜菜粕的作用主要与其具有较高的系水力和膨胀度有关。     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散.对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因.发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造...     

Comparing the osteogenic potential of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly for treating bone defects

Alternative sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for replacing bone marrow (BM) have been extensively investigated in the field of bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of canine MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT), BM, umbilical cord blood (UCB), and Wharton''s jelly (WJ) using in vitro culture techniques and in vivo orthotopic implantation assays. After canine MSCs were isolated from various tissues, the proliferation and osteogenic potential along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production were measured and compared in vitro. For the in vivo assay, MSCs derived from each type of tissue were mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate and implanted into segmental bone defects in dogs. Among the different types of MSCs, AT-MSCs had a higher proliferation potential and BM-MSCs produced the most VEGF. AT-MSCs and UCB-MSCs showed greater in vitro osteogenic potential compared to the other cells. Radiographic and histological analyses showed that all tested MSCs had similar osteogenic capacities, and the level of new bone formation was much higher with implants containing MSCs than cell-free implants. These results indicate that AT-MSCs, UCB-MSCs, and WJ-MSCs can potentially be used in place of BM-MSCs for clinical bone engineering procedures.     

保水剂对江河源区退化草地土壤水分和植物生长发育的影响

通过不同浓度保水剂种子包衣和保水剂大田示范试验,结果表明:在江河源区退化草地恢复与重建中应用高吸水树脂(SAP保水剂),对提高土壤含水量和保墒具有良好的效果;它不仅能促进幼苗生长发育,而且对植物地上部分的分蘖枝和根系分枝有明显的促进作用;同时对提高牧草个体生物量和产草量有明显的效果.试验结果还表明,使用1%～1.5%浓度的种子包衣处理效果最佳.     

黄河源区"黑土滩"退化草地群落类型多样性及其群落结构研究

调查了黄河源区高寒草甸极度退化产物“黑土滩”植被群落类型多样性及其群落结构特征。结果表明,分布在黄河源区高寒草甸上的“黑土滩”草地植被可分为7个类型,分别为:黄帚橐吾 铁棒棰群落、白苞筋骨草群落、铁棒棰群落、西伯利亚蓼 鹅绒委陵菜群落、摩苓草群落、甘青微孔草群落和甘肃马先蒿群落。从群落结构和已有的研究结果看,黄河源区所有类型的“黑土滩”草地都完全失去了牧用价值,短期内自然恢复的物质基础也已丧失,该类草地的恢复治理必须通过人工植被的重建来实现。     

α-半乳糖苷酶及其在饲料中的应用

半乳糖苷酶是催化α-半乳糖苷键水解的一种外切糖苷酶,可以催化水解棉子糖、水苏糖、毛蕊花糖及其衍生物,在自然界中分布广泛。本文主要对其来源与分类、酶学特性、结构与催化特点及其在饲料中的应用进行了阐述,以期促进该酶的进一步推广和利用。     

旋毛虫起源、进化及其宿主的感染来源与途径

毛形属在距今27 500万年前从毛形科中正式分化出来,各旋毛虫种间的遗传差异形成于距今的1 500万~2 000万年间。对亚洲和欧洲的共110个Trichinella spiralis地理隔离株的线粒体基因分析结果显示,欧洲地理株间仅存1个碱基差异,具有高度的一致性,而亚洲地理株间则具有8个碱基差异,存在明显的种内差异。依据线粒体累积变异速率计算,T.spiralis由亚洲传播至欧洲的时期大约在60 00年~16 000年以前。不同种旋毛虫对动物的感染具有一定的异嗜性,而宿主感染旋毛虫的途径则主要来源于水平传播,即食用感染有虫体的肉类;机械性传播,即经粪便、土壤、废水、食腐性昆虫的机械性传播;垂直传播,目前在人类、豚鼠中有检出报道。