南美斑潜蝇为害芹菜的产量损失和经济阈值研究

本项研究结果表明：(1)在塑料大棚内,南美斑潜蝇虫道面积百分率与芹菜产量呈负相关,而与芹菜产量损失率呈正相关,直线回归方程分别为Y=3．3658-0．02675X和Y=2．15899 0．08184X,即虫道面积百分率每增加1％,产量减少0．02675kg,产量损失率增加0．08184％。(2)南美斑潜蝇为害大棚芹菜经济阈值数学模型：X=14.0845ln 23.1575L/68.075-L。     

昆虫病原线虫研究和利用的历史,现状与展望

本文综述了国内外研究与利用昆虫病原线虫的历史与现状,介绍了国内外应用昆虫病原线虫防治农林害虫的概况;并阐述昆虫病原线虫分类、生活史及类型,以及与共生细菌的互利共生、杀死寄主昆虫机制,阐述了共生细菌的分类、菌型、病原作用、抗菌作用及其与线虫的共生专化性;介绍了昆虫病原线虫活体培养与离体培养的方法和最新进展,讨论了影响昆虫病原线虫利用的一些因素诸如温湿度、辐射、寄主免疫反应,天敌的影响等;最后就存在的问题和应用前景作了述评,认为昆虫病原线虫在未来害虫治理和植物保护的持续发展中将发挥重大作用。     

Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in the submontaneous tract of Punjab, India

The submontaneous tract of Punjab comprising 10% of the state, is prone to soil erosion by water. Soils of the area are coarse in texture, low in organic matter and poor in fertility. High intensity rains during the monsoon season result in fertile topsoil removal. There is an urgent need to control soil erosion in this region so as to improve soil productivity. A field study was conducted to estimate the effect of tillage and different modes of mulch application on soil erosion losses. Treatments comprised two levels of tillage, viz. minimum (T_m) and conventional (T_c) in the main plots and five modes of straw mulch application, viz. mulch spread over whole plot (M_w), mulch spread on lower one-third of plot (M_1/3), mulch applied in strips (M_s), vertical mulching (M_v) and unmulched control (M_o), in subplots in a replicated split plot design. Rate of mulch application was 6 t ha⁻¹ in all modes. Compared with M_o, M_w reduced runoff by 33%. Runoff and soil loss were 5 and 40% higher under T_c than under T_m. Though other modes of straw mulch application (M_1/3, M_s and M_v) controlled soil loss better than M_o, their effectiveness was less than M_w. T_m was more effective in conserving soil moisture than T_c. Compared with M_o, M_w had 3–7% higher soil moisture content in the 0–30 cm soil depth under T_m. Minimum soil temperature of the surface layer was 1.4–2.4 °C lower under M_w than under M_o. Straw mulching reduced maximum soil temperature and helped in conserving soil moisture. Minimum tillage coupled with M_w was highly effective in reducing soil erosion losses, decreasing soil temperature and increasing moisture content by providing maximum surface cover.     

聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗裂性能的影响

经对聚丙烯纤维混凝土研究成果的分析可知,聚丙烯纤维的掺入改善了混凝土的工作性能,提高了混凝土的早期强度,减少了混凝土的早期收缩,因而提高了混凝土的抗裂性能。《规程》规定的收缩试验方法,适用于限制混凝土的收缩对比试验,采用改进的收缩试验方法更符合工程实际。建议聚丙烯纤维在混凝土中的合理掺量为0.8~1.0 kg/m3,这对聚丙烯纤维的应用有一定的参考价值。     

Penetration of Polyethylene Film by the Shoots of Cyperus rotundus

Abstract

Orobanche is the most debilitating plant parasite of tobacco in Andhra Pradesh. The crop suffers considerably for about six weeks before the parasite appears above the ground. In the absence of effective herbicides for controlling Orobanche especially in this pre-emergence phase, it was felt worthwhile to evaluate the effectiveness of various cultivated crops as trap crops. A preliminary pot trial was conducted with 17 crop plants and the results are presented.     

GIS技术在黄土高原退耕还林草工程中的应用

坡耕地退耕还林 (草 )是我国黄土高原地区、特别是黄土丘陵沟壑区实施水土保持和生态环境建设的基本方法之一 ,如何快速了解区域土地利用现状是实施这一工程的关键所在 ,传统的统计法和图上量算法均无法满足科学高效的要求。结合黄土丘陵沟壑区地形特点 ,研究并探讨了应用 GIS技术实现该地区土地利用状况快速清查的工作过程及关键技术 ,以期为在全区实现土地资源调查、规划、管理的科学化、自动化、标准化提供可供借鉴的方法和依据     

超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定牛奶中6种玉米赤霉烯酮类霉菌毒素的残留

试验旨在建立牛奶中6种玉米赤霉烯酮类霉菌毒素残留的超高效液相―串联质谱检测方法。牛奶样品经乙腈提取,免疫亲和柱净化,C₁₈色谱柱分离,以0.02%（V/V）乙酸―水/甲醇为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式进行液相色谱分离,多反应监测模式,外标法进行定量。牛奶中6种玉米赤霉烯酮类霉菌毒素的检测限可达到1.0 μg/L,且在2.5～100.0 μg/L的浓度范围内,线性关系良好。该方法专属性强、灵敏度高、分离度好,适用于牛奶中的6种玉米赤霉烯酮类霉菌毒素残留的测定。     

缓释复方免疫增强剂有效药物释放量及安全性试验

将100只14日龄健康肉杂仔鸡随机分成A、B、C、D、E 5个试验组,每组20只鸡,A、B、C、D 4组为试验组,E组为对照组。A、B、C 3组试验鸡每只分别投服批号为0308、0312、0402的缓释复方免疫增强剂1粒,进行有效药物释放量测定试验,试验结果表明,药物投服后日均磨损量20d前为6.2~6.7 mg,30 d前为6.0~6.3 mg,日均药物有效释放量为2.40~2.52 mg,经方差分析,批间差异不显著(P0.05),均在有效剂量之间,药物的有效释放期均在30 d以上。D组试验鸡每只投服缓释复方免疫增强剂3粒,进行有效药物安全性试验,试验结果表明,仔鸡投服后食、饮欲正常,精神状态良好,与对照组鸡相比未发现任何不良反应,从而说明该缓释制剂在鸡体内是安全有效的。     

超早强大体积混凝土的温控防裂

论述了对大体积混凝土的原材料,通过优化配合比设计、提高混凝土设计等级、选用适当外加剂、增设导流管等技术措施和先进的施工工艺,并结合测温加强养护,可以解决大体积混凝土施工中的温度裂缝问题。     

鸡脾脏小分子活性物质的组分分析

试验选用30、60、90日龄粤黄鸡各30只，捕杀后取脾脏，除去外周结缔组织及被膜，用匀浆透析法提取脾脏小分子活性物质，经Sephadex G-25凝胶柱层析系统进行柱层析，采用氨基酸自动分析仪分析各组分的氨基酸组成，并通过紫外光吸收光谱来进行扫描光谱分析。结果表明：鸡脾脏小分子活性物质提取液经Sephadex G-25柱层析可分离到3个峰，各峰理化性质存在差异；不同日龄鸡脾脏小分子活性物质的同一组分所含氨基酸各类基本相同，但不同组分之间的氨基酸的含量和组成存在差异。