松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系

探讨了松嫩草原植物群落演替与土壤化学性质与土壤肥力的关系。结果表明：不同演替群落阶段，其土壤的化学性质和肥力存在一定差异，由于土壤化学性质不同，使群落镶嵌分布，组成植被的复合体。随着植被的退化演替，群落的盖度，高度下降，种类组成趋于简单化，生物量减少，土壤盐碱化程度加重，土壤肥力下降，出现次生盐碱植物群落，群落的生物量与土壤值，含盐量，碱化度呈负相关，与土壤腐殖质和全氮含量呈正相关。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CEREBRAL CORTICAL NECROSIS (POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA) IN A DOG

A 3-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog was examined because of severe, generalized seizure activity, tetraparesis, and encephalopathic signs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation was unremarkable except for a mild increase in protein. Serum and CSF titers for infectious diseases were negative. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination of the brain was performed and lesions were found within the cerebral gray matter of the temporal and parietal lobes. The lesions had increased signal intensity on T1, T2, and proton density-weighted images. There was mild inhomogeneous enhancement following intravenous contrast medium administration. Neurologic status improved and the seizures were well controlled, but the dog never regained normal mentation and euthanasia was performed 10 weeks after initial evaluation. At necropsy, severe cerebral cortical necrosis was found in the regions corresponding to the lesions seen on MR imaging examination. Large numbers of fat-containing macrophages (gitter cells) were found within these areas, and are thought to be responsible for the characteristic hyperintensity seen on the MR images.     

Identification of a periorbital wooden foreign body as the cause of chronic ocular discharge in a horse

The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of a horse with a wooden foreign body embedded in the deep portion of the right masseter muscle adjacent to the right orbit are presented. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging findings and treatment of a penetrating wooden foreign body in a horse that had no history of trauma or evidence of a puncture wound. This report documents the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging to detect a wooden foreign body embedded in the soft tissues of a horse with a chronic copious ocular discharge. Two surgical procedures were necessary, which is a frequent complication encountered with wooden foreign bodies.     

A perspective on the role of quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships in herbicide discovery

BACKGROUND: For the last 15 years the agrochemical industry has focused on using genetic modification to put genes that confer resistance to existing commercial herbicides into crop plants rather than on discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action. The widespread appearance of weeds resistant to those herbicides is now causing the industry to revive their herbicide discovery programs. RESULTS: Elucidation of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) played a major role in the discovery and development of existing commercial herbicides, but the advent of genetically modified crops has caused published work (at least) in the area to drift from the industrial arena into academic studies. The focus has also turned inward, to refining models for established herbicide targets instead of elucidating new ones. CONCLUSION: This perspective highlights the importance of QSARs and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) to herbicide discovery in an historical context and provides some guidance as to how they might profitably be applied going forward. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

外源花青素对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长及其生理特性的影响

以烤烟品种‘秦烟96’和‘云烟116’等2个烤烟品种为试验材料,通过开展盆栽试验,设置正常供水和中度干旱等2个水分梯度,外源花青素设置6个浓度,研究外源花青素对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗农艺性状、单株干重、光合气体参数、叶绿素荧光参数及活性氧代谢系统的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,两个烤烟品种生长受到抑制且生理性能下降;干旱胁迫下喷施外源花青素可显著增加烤烟幼苗的株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽、最大叶面积、单株干重、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率和光化学猝灭系数,降低叶片中胞间CO₂浓度和非光化学猝灭系数,降低超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和丙二醛含量,提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增强烤烟幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对烤烟幼苗生长及其生理功能的损害;其中‘秦烟96’以叶面喷施3 mg·L^-1花青素对考烟幼苗生长的促进效果最佳,‘云烟116’以叶面喷施4 mg·L^-1花青素效果最佳。     

水分优化对温室葡萄产量及土壤生物学特性的影响

为揭示滴灌不同水分调控下设施栽培葡萄产量与土壤学特性等相关指标的响应关系,在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验,分析水分调控对设施栽培葡萄土壤积温、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性、有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物熵(qMB)等土壤学特性的影响,基于隶属函数综合分析明确影响葡萄产量及各项土壤生物学特性指标的最佳水分优化处理。结果表明:新梢期水分胁迫的土壤积温、土壤酶、TOC、MBC、qMB均显著(P <0. 05)高于对照;新梢期水分胁迫较对照可增产44. 6%;果实膨大期作为葡萄生长的关键阶段,此时水分胁迫对土壤淀粉酶影响不显著,但对其他土壤学特性指标具有一定的抑制作用,并且可减产9.7%;隶属函数综合分析表明,土壤生物学特性指标及产量综合隶属排名为:PS﹥FS﹥CS﹥CK﹥ES。     

一株毒杀松材线虫的解淀粉芽孢杆菌活性物质的基本性质

从马尾松林中筛选出的解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JK-JS3菌株对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus具有较高杀线活性。本试验对JK-JS3菌株分泌的杀线活性物质的基本性质进行了研究。结果表明：该菌株产生的杀线组分是可随水分一同蒸发的非蛋白质类物质;其吸收峰在190nm到200nm之间;常温25℃和冷藏4℃下保存60d仍能保持杀线活性;不同温度和pH条件对其杀线组分的活性有影响,加热会降低其活性,碱性条件下具有较高的杀线活性;石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂不能将其活性物质从粗提液中提取。     

Clinical application of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cranial nerves in horses in comparison with high resolution imaging standards

Although horses are affected by cranial nerve disease, our understanding of these structures' imaging anatomy is limited, and the optimal modality for imaging of each of these nerves is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging appearance of the equine cranial nerves on high‐resolution 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans of a cadaver head, and with these as standards, examine the utility of MRI and CT performed in clinical cases. High‐resolution MRI and CT images were prospectively acquired of the head of a normal Thoroughbred gelding following euthanasia. Ten clinical cases undergoing high‐field MRI under general anaesthesia and 10 clinical cases undergoing CT in the standing horse under sedation were retrospectively evaluated by three reviewers to assess cranial nerve visibility. On high‐resolution, thin‐slice, MRI scans of the normal cadaver head, each of the 12 cranial nerves and their topographic location could be appreciated. On high‐resolution cadaver CT, cranial nerves II, V and VII were clearly visible, but others were less easily identified; osseous structures were clearly visualised. Clinical MRI and CT allowed for variable visualisation of the cranial nerves, dependent on the sequence and the orientation of scan planes. High‐field MRI allowed excellent visualisation of equine cranial nerves, whereas CT allowed for more detailed visualisation of the osseous canals and foramina. In live horses, the ability to identify all 12 nerves is challenging with either MRI or CT; however, high‐field MRI enables better visualisation of the nerve bundles than CT.     

林窗对根际和非根际土壤化学性质季节变化的影响

为了解林窗干扰对侧柏林土壤化学性质的影响情况,2012年1月在徐州市九里山东南坡侧柏人工纯林中随机开设27个小、中、大3种尺度的近圆形林窗进行试验,对不同尺度的林窗内根际和非根际土壤的pH、碳、氮等的季节变化进行对比分析。结果表明：林窗降低了根际和非根际土壤含水率,不同尺度林窗内根际与非根际土壤pH均中性偏碱性;根际土壤和非根际土壤的全碳、全氮含量在林窗形成后总体下降;林窗降低非根际土壤C/N,小尺度林窗根际土壤C/N值显著大于对照,小林窗对根际效应的提升更为显著。林窗对土壤C/N值根际效应的影响存在季节上的双反馈作用,林窗尺度、位置会对土壤养分循环造成影响,进而影响林分生产力,开设半径为4 m大小的林窗对林分发育及养分循环最有利。研究结果可为深入了解林窗对土壤养分动态根际效应的作用,揭示林窗干扰对森林生态系统稳定性机理提供一定的参考依据。