黄白茧蚕的叶黄素及不同颜色蚕茧丝胶、丝素含量比较

为探索家蚕食用桑叶后叶黄素在体内的吸收和代谢变化规律,以茧色限性品种为材料,用紫外分光光度法检测了大蚕期蚕体血液和丝腺中的叶黄素含量.结果表明:结黄茧的雌蚕血淋巴和丝腺中的叶黄素含量比结白茧的雄蚕高;白茧蚕血淋巴中的叶黄素含量约4μg/mL,丝腺的叶黄素含量约为5μg/mL,4～5龄全期无明显变化;黄血蚕血淋巴中的叶黄素含量随生长发育而逐渐增多,在5龄的第3 d时最多(26.4μg/mL),丝腺中的叶黄素含量在5龄的第5 d时达到最大值,为228.4μg/g;不同颜色茧的丝胶含量顺序为黄茧＞绿茧＞白茧,脱胶率顺序为黄茧＞绿茧＞白茧.     

The Effect of Cooking to Carotenoids Determined by HPLC in Hens′, Duck′s and Quail′ Eggs Yolk

研究烹饪对常见的几种禽蛋蛋黄中类胡萝卜素的影响。利用分光光度法测定烹饪前后鸡蛋、鸭蛋和鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中的总类胡萝卜素含量,利用HPLC法分离并测定烹饪前后鸡蛋、鸭蛋和鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中的各类胡萝卜素组分的含量。测定出了鸡蛋、鸭蛋和鹌鹑蛋的鲜蛋和熟蛋中总类胡萝卜素及其各组分的含量。（1）鸭蛋和鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中含叶黄素、玉米黄素、角黄素、隐黄素和β-胡萝卜素,鸡蛋蛋黄中除上述组分外还含有辣椒红素;（2）烹饪前后蛋黄中类胡萝卜素组分的种类和各组分含量的排序无变化;（3）在煮熟的过程中,蛋黄中各类胡萝卜素组分的平均损失率分别为鸡蛋9.3%~19.0%,鸭蛋8.8%~23.0%,鹌鹑蛋18.4%~34.7%。     

万寿菊花中叶黄素提取工艺的优化

为了研究采用ASE-100加速溶剂萃取仪提取万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)花中叶黄素的最佳工艺条件,采用五因素五水平正交试验提取叶黄素,用高效液相色谱法测定皂化后的叶黄素产量.用ASE-100加速溶剂萃取仪提取叶黄素的最佳试验参数为提取温度80℃、料液比1∶30(m/V,g∶mL)、静态萃取时间10 min、静态周期数3、冲洗体积70％.     

婴幼儿配方奶粉加工贮藏过程中叶黄素稳定性的变化

通过高效液相色谱法检测分析了婴幼儿配方奶粉在加工和贮藏过程中叶黄素稳定性的变化。研究发现,生产过程中叶黄素的损耗主要发生在高温灭菌阶段和喷雾干燥阶段,通过比较生产过程中不同阶段叶黄素含量的检测结果得出,喷雾干燥阶段叶黄素损耗>高温灭菌阶段>均质阶段>浓缩阶段。货架期试验结果表明,温度越高,叶黄素损失率越高。马口铁罐中叶黄素的保留率>PE铝箔软包装>纸袋包装。     

Dietary Lutein Influences Immune Response in Laying Hens

Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has been proposed as a potential candidate for the prevention of numerous diseases in human. Because lutein content in eggs is directly correlated with the lutein content in hen diets, there is interest in producing a lutein-enriched designer egg. Evidence in several species also suggests direct effects of lutein on the immune response. Because flaxseed is commonly used in layer diets, we investigated the potential effects of dietary lutein supplementation with or without flaxseed supplementation on phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P)-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity and on antibody response to infectious bronchitis vaccination in layers. No significant effect was observed on cutaneous hypersensitivity to PHA-P, but dietary lutein significantly boosted the secondary antibody response to infectious bronchitis vaccination. Flaxseed supplementation alone did not significantly affect the parameters studied. However, reduced lutein effect was observed when lutein was combined with flaxseed. In conclusion, dietary lutein stimulates the antibody response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination. Thus, in addition to producing designer eggs, lutein supplementation also likely benefits the health of the flock by increasing the efficacy of vaccination.     

不同品系万寿菊花中叶黄素和叶黄素酯含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定不同颜色万寿菊花(包括花瓣和花萼)中叶黄素和叶黄素酯的含量.通过与叶黄素标准品比较,并利用相同色谱条件下的色谱图确定万寿菊花中含有叶黄素和6种叶黄素二酯,即月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸酯、二肉豆蔻酸酯、肉豆蔻酸-棕榈酸酯、二棕榈酸酯、棕榈酸-硬脂酸酯及二硬脂酸酯.不同颜色万寿菊花中叶黄素和叶黄素酯的含量差别较大,黄绿色花色素含量为 0.024 %,橙色花色素含量高达1.148 %(均以干花粉计),颜色越深,叶黄素酯含量越高.万寿菊花的色素含量与脂肪含量呈明显正相关(R2=0.974).     

饲料色素对黄颡鱼皮肤类胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量和酪氨酸酶活力的影响

以平均体重45.25 g的1冬龄黄颡鱼为试验对象,在饲料中分别添加0.4%的加丽素红、0.5%的金黄素、0.5%的金菊黄、6%的玉米蛋白粉作为色素源,以不含色素源的饲料为对照,在室内循环养殖系统中养殖56 d,观察各试验组黄颡鱼的体色,分别测定其背部和腹部皮肤、血清中的酪氨酸酶活力、总类胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量。结果为金菊黄组黄颡鱼血清酪氨酸酶活力显著提高,而其他各试验组之间无显著性的差异;对照组黄颡鱼总类胡萝卜素含量在背部皮肤下降11.2%、腹部皮肤下降57.5%,叶黄素含量变化与此类似;玉米蛋白粉组类胡萝卜素含量在腹部皮肤降低了38.5%、背部皮肤无显著性变化,背部和腹部皮肤中叶黄素含量有一定程度的增加;加丽素红组黄颡鱼总类胡萝卜素含量在腹部皮肤中降低了45%、背部皮肤无显著性变化,背部和腹部皮肤中叶黄素含量显著降低;金黄素组鱼体背部、腹部皮肤中总类胡萝卜素的含量分别升高了1.8倍和1.5倍,金菊黄组鱼体背部和腹部皮肤中总类胡萝卜素的含量分别升高了1倍和0.49倍;叶黄素含量也显著增加。试验结果表明,黄颡鱼能够选择性地沉积来源于饲料色素物质,饲料色素对黄颡鱼体色具有较大的影响。     

Efficacy and tolerance of lutein as colourant in diet of juvenile soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

The effects of dietary supplementation of lutein on the growth, haematological profile and pigmentation in target tissues of the soft‐shelled turtles were investigated. Five experimental diets were prepared with lutein levels at 1.16 (D1, control), 70.3 (D2), 132 (D3) and 239 (D4) mg kg^?1, and one more high inclusion level of 3410 mg kg^?1 (D5) was included for tolerance test. Each diet was fed to 24 juvenile turtles for 8w. Specific growth rate (SGR) in D2, D3 and D4 was significantly higher than that of group D1 and D5. Skin yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*) of both carapace and plastron skin were all significantly increased with higher dietary lutein levels. Dietary lutein supplementation turned the H° values of skins into yellowness. The accumulation of lutein in skin and muscle also augmented significantly with increasing lutein levels and fit a logarithmic correlation with dietary lutein levels. There were almost no differences in haematological parameters of all turtles. Lutein is an efficient and safe colourant in diet of soft‐shelled turtle. The optimal inclusion levels for the highest SGR and desired skin colour in carapace and plastron of soft‐shelled turtle were 162, 142 and 143 mg kg^?1, respectively.     

日粮中添加叶黄素对牛乳理化指标的影响

试验旨在研究叶黄素对牛乳叶黄素沉积与理化指标的影响。试验选择胎次、泌乳天数、产奶性能和体细胞数相近奶牛60头,随机分为5组,分别为对照组、处理Ⅰ组、处理Ⅱ组、处理Ⅲ组和处理Ⅳ组,每组12头。对处理组奶牛每天分别饲喂叶黄素50 g（A试验料）、100 g（A试验料）、100 g（B试验料）、150 g（A试验料）。其中在0、10、20、30、40和50 d检测牛奶中叶黄素、乳脂肪、乳蛋白质、乳糖和干物质含量及泌乳量的变化情况。结果表明,在本试验条件下,日粮中添加叶黄素样品A优于样品B。添加150 g/（d·头）（以日采食10 kg精料计）样品A可显著提高奶中叶黄素的含量。建议生产中日粮叶黄素添加量选用150 g/（d·头）为宜。