七种淡水鱼类色素含量和酪氨酸酶活力的比较研究

以草鱼、鲫、团头鲂、黄颡鱼、黄鳝、泥鳅和斑点叉尾鱼回为研究对象,分别测定其血清、皮肤、鳞片中酪氨酸酶活力,以及皮肤、鳞片中类胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量,探讨体色相关因子、色素在不同种类、同一种类不同部位分布的差异性。结果表明,酪氨酸酶在皮肤、鳞片、血清中均有分布;不同种类鱼皮肤、鳞片中总类胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量也存在差异,尤其是体色带黄色的鱼如黄鳝、泥鳅的背部、腹部皮肤中类胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量很高,显著高于其他试验鱼种（P〈0.05）;即使体色较黑的鱼如鲫、草鱼、团头鲂的鳞片、皮肤中也含有较高含量的类胡萝卜素、叶黄素。对于同一种鱼,其背部皮肤中类胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量显著高于腹部皮肤。本试验表明鱼体体表颜色是黑色素和类胡萝卜素等色素综合表现的结果,其中黄色色泽的深浅与总胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量有直接的关系;黑色色泽深浅与酪氨酸酶活力大小有直接的关系。     

玉米蛋白粉对巴沙鱼肌肉颜色变化的影响

为评价玉米副产物对巴沙鱼(Pangasius bocouit)肌肉颜色的影响进行了验证试验,试验分基础饲料组(对照组)和添加8％的玉米蛋白粉组(试验组),以2种饲料分别饲喂平均体质量为73 9的巴沙鱼90d.结果显示:试验组巴沙鱼肌肉、背部皮肤和腹部皮肤的黄度值、黄体素和玉米黄质的含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结...     

超高效液相色谱法测定黄颡鱼肌肉中叶黄素含量

本文建立检测黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco肌肉中叶黄素含量的反相超高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经95%乙醇提取,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)分离,以89%甲醇-1%乙腈-10%水为流动相等度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长446nm,外标法定量。结果显示:叶黄素在0.04~0.8μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性良好,此方法检出时限0.03mg·kg~(-1)。添加量在0.5mg·kg~(-1)、1.0mg·kg~(-1)、5.0mg·kg~(-1)时,叶黄素的回收率为82.0%~84.2%,相对标准偏差在10%范围内。结果表明:该方法可用于黄颡鱼中叶黄素成分的定性和定量检测。     

不同采摘时期对万寿菊鲜花重量和叶黄素含量的影响

通过研究寒地栽培万寿菊鲜花重量和叶黄素含量变化规律,为确定万寿菊鲜花采摘时期提供理论依据.结果表明,万寿菊从现蕾之日起,鲜花重量、花冠直径和叶黄素含量均呈先增加后降低趋势,万寿菊鲜花应该在现蕾后16~22 d之间进行采摘,这时期鲜花重量和叶黄素含量均达到最大,单花重量最高达9.82 g,叶黄素含量最高达12.97 g·㎏-1干重     

水氮耦合对金盏花产量和叶黄素含量变化的影响

【目的】探索甘肃河西地区金盏花栽培最佳的水氮施用量,旨在提高金盏花产量与叶黄素含量。【方法】2009～2010年在垄作沟灌条件下,以节水栽培品种NK08-5为材料,进行不同灌水量和施氮量组合的田间试验。【结果】灌水3600m3/ha与施N270kg/ha组合处理的产量最高,较灌水4200m3/ha与施N和灌水4200m3/ha与施N90kg/ha处理的产量差异达显著水平,灌水3600m3/ha与施N90kg/ha和灌水3000m3/ha与270kg/ha处理的叶黄素含量最高均为11.7%。【结论】金盏花垄作沟灌有明显的水氮耦合效应,品种NK08-5最佳的水氮施用量组合为灌水3600m3/ha与施N90kg/ha。     

羽衣甘蓝中叶黄素的分布及稳定性研究

为有效的开发羽衣甘蓝中的叶黄素,试验研究了羽衣甘蓝不同部位的叶黄素含量,考察了光、热、pH、金属离子、氧化剂和还原剂对羽衣甘蓝中叶黄素的稳定性影响。结果表明,中等叶片叶黄素含量最高位,为129.4mg·kg~(-1),其次是完全叶,老叶和幼叶中含量较低,茎秆含量最低,仅为7.4mg·kg~(-1)。羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性随温度的升高而降低,随pH的增加而升高,在pH 10～12时稳定性较高。光照、金属离子、过氧化氢和维生素C引起叶黄素含量下降,其中Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)比Na~+和Zn~(2+)引起的下降幅度大,阳光比日光灯引起的下降幅度大。     

Enhancement of Xanthophyll Synthesis in Porphyra/Pyropia Species (Rhodophyta,Bangiales) by Controlled Abiotic Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Red alga species belonging to the Porphyra and Pyropia genera (commonly known as Nori), which are widely consumed and commercialized due to their high nutritional value. These species have a carotenoid profile dominated by xanthophylls, mostly lutein and zeaxanthin, which have relevant benefits for human health. The effects of different abiotic factors on xanthophyll synthesis in these species have been scarcely studied, despite their health benefits. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the abiotic factors that enhance the synthesis of xanthophylls in Porphyra/Pyropia species by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the xanthophyll content found in the literature, and (ii) to recommend a culture method that would allow a significant accumulation of these compounds in the biomass of these species. The results show that salinity significantly affected the content of total carotenoids and led to higher values under hypersaline conditions (70,247.91 µg/g dm at 55 psu). For lutein and zeaxanthin, the wavelength treatment caused significant differences between the basal and maximum content (4.16–23.47 µg/g dm). Additionally, in Pyropia spp., the total carotenoids were considerably higher than in Porphyra spp.; however, the lutein and zeaxanthin contents were lower. We discuss the specific conditions for each treatment and the relation to the ecological distribution of these species.     

Gloeothece sp.—Exploiting a New Source of Antioxidant,Anti-Inflammatory,and Antitumor Agents

Bioactive lipidic compounds of microalgae, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids, can avoid or treat oxidation-associated conditions and diseases like inflammation or cancer. This study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of lipidic extracts obtained from Gloeothece sp.–using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvents like ethanol, acetone, hexane:isopropanol (3:2) (HI) and ethyl lactate. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant (ABTS^•+, DPPH^•, ^•NO and O₂^•assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC membrane stabilization and Cox-2 screening assay), and antitumor capacity (death by TUNEL, and anti-proliferative by BrdU incorporation assay in AGS cancer cells); while its composition was characterized in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods, respectively. Results revealed a chemopreventive potential of the HI extract owing to its ability to: (I) scavenge ^-NO^• radical (IC₅₀, 1258 ± 0.353 µg·mL⁻¹); (II) inhibit 50% of COX-2 expression at 130.2 ± 7.4 µg·mL⁻¹; (III) protect 61.6 ± 9.2% of lysosomes from heat damage, and (IV) induce AGS cell death by 4.2-fold and avoid its proliferation up to 40% in a concentration of 23.2 ± 1.9 µg·mL⁻¹. Hence, Gloeothece sp. extracts, namely HI, were revealed to have the potential to be used for nutraceutical purposes.     

超声波强化有机溶剂提取万寿菊中叶黄素的研究

研究超声波强化有机溶剂提取万寿菊花粉中叶黄素的工艺过程,考察了萃取率的影响因素。结果表明,正己烷和石油醚作提取溶剂效果较好。以1.000 g万寿菊花粉为原料,超声波强化正己烷的较优提取条件为:料液比1∶20(g∶mL,以下同),超声波功率300 W,超声波作用时间30 m in,叶黄素提取率93.65%;强化石油醚的较优条件为:料液比1∶20,超声波功率400 W,超声波作用时间30 m in,叶黄素提取率98.77%。