Environmental effects on lutein content and relationship of lutein and other seed components in soybean

Lutein is a major carotenoid in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, and has been shown to be beneficial for eye health in humans. Development of soybeans high in lutein is a goal of some breeding programmes. Little is known about how different growing environments affect lutein content. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of lutein and its relationship to seed protein, oil and individual fatty acids in soybean seed. Fifteen soybean genotypes were planted at four environments. There was no effect of year and planting date on lutein content in soybean seed. However, genotype × year, genotype × planting date and genotype × year × planting date were significant for lutein content. Although each genotype showed similar response across environments, lutein content varied significantly across the four growing environments in 14 of the 15 genotypes evaluated. Lutein content was not correlated with seed protein or oil and palmitic or stearic acid concentrations. However, lutein was positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acids content.     

枸杞叶黄素稳定性的初步研究

用皂化与重结晶相结合的方法制备得到枸杞叶黄素,并就保护剂、光照、温度、氧气对枸杞叶黄素稳定性的影响做了单因素试验,结果表明：保护剂、温度、光照、氧气对叶黄素的稳定性具有重要影响,枸杞叶黄素在添加维生素C、避光、-20℃、真空密封的条件下比较稳定。     

RATIO OF CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM INFLUENCES BIOMASS,ELEMENTAL ACCUMULATIONS,AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KALE

Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.     

万寿菊花中叶黄素提取及分离提纯的研究

研究了利用正己烷和乙醇混合溶剂,或石油醚溶剂,从万寿菊花粉提取、分离、提纯叶黄素的方法.最适工艺参数:正己烷(为提取剂)和95%乙醇(体积比3:2),提取温度60℃,提取时间4～5h,提取次数5～6次,液料比15:1(mL:g);皂化温度55～60℃,皂化时间6h.按本工艺条件操作,万寿菊花中叶黄素得率为7.5%～7.9%.     

叶黄素催化氧化降解产物的GC-MS分析鉴定

叶黄素在催化氧化降解反应中能产生各种各样复杂的氧化降解产物,其组成成分基本上能通过GC以及GC-MS分析得以鉴定.结果表明,叶黄素在进行同步催化氧化降解反应过程中,还伴随有自身羟基的氧化和脱水作用,生成物中以酮类、醛类、醇类等含氧化合物为主,还有烯烃和芳烃类物质,其中最重要的化合物是异佛尔酮、β -紫罗兰醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、α -环柠檬醛、β -环柠檬醛、α -紫罗兰烯等.叶黄素在催化剂作用下被氧化形成氢过氧化物,然后再断裂分解而形成含氧类化合物,而直接裂解、环化与脱氢作用后则形成烃类及芳烃类成分.     

叶黄素、玉米黄质研究进展——叶黄素、玉米黄质的结构、性质和生物学功能

叶黄素和玉米黄质是含紫罗酮环的二羟基类胡萝卜素,在自然界广泛存在。大量的流行病学证据表明,叶黄素和玉米黄质在保护眼睛、预防癌症和心血管疾病等方面起着重要的作用,是目前国际上功能性食品成分研究中的一个热点。本文详细地介绍了叶黄素和玉米黄质的结构、物理性质、化学性质和生物学功能方面最新研究进展。     

羽衣甘蓝叶黄素CO_2超临界萃取及高速逆流色谱纯化的研究

以羽衣甘蓝冻干粉末为原料,利用超临界CO_2流体技术萃取羽衣甘蓝叶黄素粗品;选择中极性、弱极性、极弱极性的溶剂体系,进行粗品的高速逆流色谱纯化。结果表明,萃取温度35℃,萃取压力25 MPa,主泵频率30 Hz,叶黄素粗品萃取量最高,达到32.43 mg/g;采用正己烷—乙醇—水(6:5:1.5)溶剂体系,纯化效果最好,得到纯度98.5%的羽衣甘蓝叶黄素。     

叶黄素对蛋鸡应用效果的研究

将144只52周龄绿壳商品产蛋鸡随机分为6组,各组在相同日粮基础上分别添加0、20、40、60、80、100mg/kg叶黄素,探讨叶黄素在蛋黄中的沉积规律以及对蛋黄色泽和蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果说明,蛋黄中叶黄素的含量随日粮中叶黄素添加水平的增加而提高,最大沉积量达1.09mg/60g,是对照组0.23mg/60g的近5倍;日粮中叶黄素能显著(P<0.05)提高蛋黄的罗氏等级(RCF),降低亮值(L),提高红值(a),对黄值(b)无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮中添加高水平叶黄素对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

天然产物转化为蛋黄色素的研究进展

文章阐述了蛋黄色素的组成、来源、含量的测定及分级,沉积效率的影响因素,加深蛋黄颜色的方法,探讨类胡萝卜素添加量,天然色素叶黄素的理化性质、植物性来源,在蛋鸡体内的吸收沉积机理和叶黄素对蛋黄着色影响的主要因素等。     

叶黄素-中药合剂对热应激蛋鸡行为与生产性能的影响

试验研究不同水平的叶黄素-中药合剂对热应激蛋鸡生产性能的影响。将216只健康、体重相似的260日龄的罗曼蛋鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。常温对照组和高温对照组饲喂基础日粮,而高温合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮+0.2%中药合剂的基础上,分别添加60、120、180、240mg/kg叶黄素。常温对照组在常温鸡舍内饲养,高温对照组及高温合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在高温鸡舍内饲养;常温鸡舍的平均温度及相对湿度分别为26.24℃、67.29%,而高温鸡舍的平均温度、相对湿度分别为32.12℃、85.27%。试验期10周,其中预试期2周,正式期8周。结果表明,高温环境使罗曼蛋鸡的平均日采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率分别下降了28.56%(P0.01)、5.48%(P0.01)、26.59%(P0.01),料蛋比、破壳率和死淘率分别升高了3.18%(P0.05)、0.97%(P0.05)、0.25%(P0.05)。叶黄素-中药合剂均提高了高温环境中蛋鸡的生产性能,其顺序为合剂Ⅲ组合剂Ⅱ组合剂Ⅰ组合剂Ⅳ组,合剂Ⅲ组的蛋鸡采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率较高温对照组分别提高了33.98%(P0.01)、8.79%(P0.01)、31.11%(P0.01),而破壳率降低了0.74%(P0.01)。合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ在高温环境中的采食量、产蛋率均低于常温对照组,料蛋比、破壳率、死淘率均高于常温对照组。这说明叶黄素-中草药复方合剂能有效提高高温环境中蛋鸡的生产性能,但并不能完全消除给蛋鸡生产性能带来的不良影响,其中,以180mg/kg叶黄素+0.2%中草药复方合剂Ⅲ组效果最好。