水盐胁迫对沙枣幼苗叶绿素荧光参数和色素含量的影响

在不同水分和盐分胁迫条件下测定2个种源沙枣的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0的变化。结果表明:随着胁迫的增加,2个种源的沙枣叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0都表现出先增加后降低的趋势;在水分梯度为50%~55%和盐分梯度为0.1 mol/L时2个种源的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0值分别达到最大值;随胁迫时间增加,水分胁迫下包头种源叶绿素含量下降幅度比赤峰种源高出29.28%,而Fv/Fm值和Fv/F0值最大改变量分别为赤峰种源的1.25倍和6.62倍;盐分胁迫下包头种源沙枣的叶绿素含量下降幅度比赤峰种源高出25.26%,而Fv/Fm值和Fv/F0值最大改变量分别为赤峰种源的2.38倍和3.05倍。这说明水分和盐分胁迫对包头种源沙枣的叶绿素含量及其荧光参数的影响高于对赤峰种源的影响。     

低磷胁迫对玉米叶片色素和形态的影响

通过大田试验,以4个基因型玉米为材料,研究了低磷胁迫下玉米叶片色素和形态变化及其内部生理机制.结果表明,低磷条件下,玉米叶片叶绿素/类胡萝卜素、叶绿素/紫色素和叶绿素/红色素均减少,其中基因型"7922"和"掖107"的叶绿素/类胡萝卜素、叶绿素/紫色素和叶绿素,红色素减少幅度较大,为高磷条件下的0.4～0.8倍,且减少幅度高于"178"和"*082".低磷条件下,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和总黄酮含量均增加,其中基因型"7922"和"掖107"为高磷条件下的1.5～2.0倍,增加幅度高于基因型"178"和"*082"."7922"和"掖107"的叶宽和鲜重在两个供磷水平下差异显著,"掖107"的叶片主叶脉直径和总叶片数差异显著.低磷土壤条件下玉米叶宽和主叶脉直径变小,鲜重和总叶片数减少.不同基因型玉米叶片色素和形态变化差异显著.初步推测,"7922"和"掖107"不耐低磷, "178"和"*082"较耐低磷.     

气候变化对秃尾河流域径流量的影响

为探讨秃尾河流域径流量对气候变化的关系,利用秃尾河流域1970～2005年36 a来的气温、降水和天然径流量数据,对该流域气温、降水和径流量年际和季节性的变化特征及趋势进行了分析,研究了气候因子与径流量的相关性.研究结果表明:秃尾河流域年平均气温呈现明显升高趋势,以冬季升温为主;年降水表现为缓慢减少趋势,降水减少主要表...     

1971～2009年阜康绿洲气候变化规律分析

根据阜康市气象站1971～2009年平均气温、降水量资料,运用线性趋势估计、小波分析、距平与累积距平、滑动t检验等方法,对阜康绿洲年平均气温和降水量变化趋势、周期特征、突变特征进行分析.结果表明:(1)1971～2009年,阜康年平均气温和降水量均呈波动式上升;年平均气温以0.44℃/10a的线性倾向率上升,其相关系数...     

复盐胁迫对几种燕麦种子萌发指数的影响

采用加拿大7种燕麦(A.nuda)种子,在不同梯度的Na2SO4、NaCl等组分盐溶液中进行发芽试验.结果表明:复盐胁迫下,种子开始发芽的时间推迟,发芽过程延长,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,7种燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、简易活力指数均有不同程度的降低,而盐害指数升高,且不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;随复盐浓度的增...     

腐植酸浸种对盐碱胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的影响

采用中性盐( NaCl)和碱性盐(NaHCO3)混合模拟不同浓度盐碱胁迫条件,对龙麦26和克旱16两种同基因型春小麦进行腐植酸浸种处理.分别测定根系氧离子自由基、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽含量,以及过氧化物酶超氧化物歧化酶活性,以探讨腐植酸对盐碱两种胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的调控效应.结果表明:随着盐碱迫浓度的提高,小麦幼苗根系...     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

High dietary energy level stimulates growth hormone receptor and feed utilization in large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) under hypoxic conditions

This study examines how appetite and growth regulation of Atlantic salmon are affected by low dissolved oxygen (LO) and dietary digestible energy levels (DE: high [HE] vs. low [LE]). Long‐term exposure to LO resulted in a reduced feed intake, growth, digestible protein and fat retention efficiencies and increased feed conversation ratio and plasma ghrelin concentrations (p < .05) compared to high dissolved oxygen (HO). Pair‐feeding of rations based on the feed intake of the LO groups, but fed at HO, resulted in a 50% growth improvement in HE diet groups. This suggests that the poor growth under LO was not entirely caused by the reduced feed intake. Salmon adapted to LO by increased haemoglobin concentrations, while osmoregulation was affected by increased plasma chloride concentrations (p < .05). Plasma ghrelin concentration was unaffected by DE (p > .05). Growth regulation was affected by the HE diet, with increased liver and muscle growth hormone receptor ghr1 mRNA (p < .05), regardless of oxygen level. The growth depression due to low oxygen appears to be related to higher metabolic costs, while higher DE upregulates the GH‐IGF system at the ghr1 level and found to be beneficial for growth, feed intake, oxyregulation and osmoregulation under hypoxia.     

Determinants of parr size variations within a population of brown trout Salmo trutta L.

Abstract – The size of 2-month old trout Salmo trutta parr differed between sites and between years along the River Esva catchment (Asturias, northwestern Spain). Such variation was in a direction opposite to the variation observed in parental size. Parr were smaller in sites where parents grew faster, whereas larger parr occurred in sites where parents grew less. Parr size of six cohorts (1990–1996, except 1995) at 14 sites along the River Esva was inversely related to the growth rate and length of parents and positively related to canopy, egg size, and water temperature. The latter acted similarly on all parr independently of egg size and the site where the egg originated. Covariation patterns among parr size, parental traits, and canopy suggest that a canopy-regulated, growth-determined trade-off between egg size and number, previously described for the Esva trout, also extends to alevin size. In forested, shaded sites, adult trout grew less and spawned fewer larger eggs that resulted in larger alevins, whereas in fully insolated, production-rich sites, trout grew faster and spawned higher numbers of smaller eggs that produced smaller parr. I hypothesize that the phenotypic plasticity illustrated by the environmentally induced trade-off between egg size and number further extended to alevin size may be evolutionarily advantageous because it relates the size of trout alevins to food availability, as predicted by the growth previously experienced by parents. ^NOTE     

高温胁迫下外源氨基酸对荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以荞麦新品种川荞3号和抗逆品种川荞4号为试验材料,研究了高温胁迫下外源氨基酸对荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为荞麦抗高温胁迫生理研究提供依据。结果表明,适当浓度外源谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理可明显提高高温胁迫下荞麦种子发芽率及幼苗鲜质量、根系活力和叶绿素含量。其中,40μmol／L谷氨酸处理下川荞3号种子发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、根系活力和叶片叶绿素含量比高温胁迫处理（CK2）增加了50.36％、39.31％、46.71％、44.54％,川荞4号增加了30.93％、24.97％、37.83％、38.46％;20μmol／L天冬氨酸处理下川荞3号种子发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、根系活力和叶片叶绿素含量比CK2增加了69.31％、65.68％、73.23％、61.88％,川荞4号增加了52.33％、47.39％、68.91％、54.37％,且天冬氨酸处理能使川荞4号种子发芽率和幼苗根系活力恢复至常温水平,以上浓度氨基酸处理时川荞3号增加幅度较大,天冬氨酸处理效果优于谷氨酸处理。