A nine-year study of successful breeding in a Bonelli’s eagle population in southeast Spain: a basis for conservation

We analyse the factors influencing breeding success in a healthy population of Bonelli’s eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus) from south-east Spain, a raptor that has suffered a serious decline in Europe. Between 18 and 33 pairs were annually monitored during the period 1994-2002. Several factors that may affect four breeding parameters were studied, namely human presence, vegetation, relief, climatic factors, intra- and inter-specific relationships, diet, prey abundance, nest building, adult mortality and age of reproduction. A consistently high breeding success was registered during the study period (productivity=1.43, SD=0.11), which was probably the result of high adult survival, adequate prey availability and mild weather conditions. However, a certain vulnerability to the presence of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and to human disturbance was observed. One interesting result was the reduced survival of young chicks on north-facing cliffs owing to colder conditions, which may partially explain the decline of the Bonelli’s eagle populations along its European distribution limits. We discuss the role of this healthy subpopulation in an Iberian metapopulation context, and propose that the potential interference of golden eagles should be taken into account when designing management strategies for Bonelli’s eagles. Finally, we pinpoint some conservation priorities and the importance of reducing the main causes of adult mortality (i.e. shooting and electrocution) to assure successful reproduction and survival of this species.     

蘑菇下脚料和稻草还田对直播早稻生长和产量的影响

试验结果表明,蘑菇下脚料还田和稻草还田可以降低土壤容重,提高直播早稻的出苗率,增加成熟期稻株的绿叶数,增强后期的抗倒能力,产量分别比对照提高8.7%和4.0%,增产效果明显。     

加强农业科研院所廉政建设的几点思考

近年来,随着中央对“三农”工作的重视,投入的农业科研项目资金越来越大,这对农业科研院所的壮大起到了强有力的推动作用,但随之而来的贪腐行为时有发生,并呈上升趋势。文章就当前农业科研院所廉政建设工作现状及面临的问题,进行了深入分析,并提出了进一步加强廉政建设的工作对策,从而更好地构建廉政建设体系,保证农业科研院所事业又好又快发展。     

花生除草地膜对田间杂草防除及花生产量的影响研究

通过在广东省花生主产区进行花生除草地膜覆盖栽培试验,探讨了该地膜对不同土壤类型和不同耕作制度的花生田间杂草的防除效果。结果表明:花生除草地膜适用于广东省各花生主产区,且产量平均增加28.93%;花生除草地膜对水旱轮作田和旱地的杂草防除效果略有不同,其中对水旱轮作田杂草的防除效果达80%以上,对旱地杂草的防除效果高达90%以上且防效稳定;在前茬作物为水稻或蔬菜的花生地,花生除草地膜对田间的防除效果均达到80%以上,但要注意控制多年生杂草。     

限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪的生长肥育性能分析

为探索限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪生长肥育性能以适应品牌猪肉具备风味性、安全性需要,在初生重(0.98±0.02)kg饲养(99.69±2.48)d的基础上,相应于25~35 kg、35~60 kg、60~75 kg等3个体重阶段,采用精料重分别占90%、80%、70%,青料重分别占10%、20%、30%配制饲粮,并按8.5成饱模式饲喂。结果表明:1)试猪由体重(24.79±0.64)kg饲养至出栏日龄(243.77±2.67)d、出栏体重(78.22±1.76)kg,该生长肥育全程(144.03±0.23)d、日增重(370.50±9.50)g、料重比(3.51±0.03),充分体现出限饲模式可行性;2)在≤240 d、240~260 d、>260 d的日龄梯级下分别以初生重(1.02±0.02)kg、(0.94±0.04)kg、(0.99±0.08)kg所求取的日增体重百分率曲线与日龄梯级呈负相关态势,显现日龄低梯级明显优于高梯级,反映出生长强度与日龄负相关的必然性;3)自起运至屠宰分别间隔5 h、29 h的胴体率、白条率的相差值达5.04和5.05个百分点,屠宰间隔直接造成胴体损失。     

Sur un cas de variabilité chez Sphaeropsis sapinea

A case of variability in Sphaero sis sapinea . Two isolates (type I and type II) of Sphaeropsis sqinea were isolated from the co lar of a declining Cedrus deo daa in the South of France. Cultural characteristics on PDA and MEA as well as conidial dimensions were compared with those of types A and B of S. sapinea described to occur in North America. Type II was similar to type A in respect to cultural aspects and growth but distinctly different in conidial dimensions. Slower growing type I was similar to type B. However, type I grew faster on PDA, had smaller conidia and lacked microconidia. Single-conidia isolates obtained from the four types showed stability of these characteristics.     

大豆田一次性化学除草技术研究

本文报道了三年来对12种大豆田除草剂的筛选结果,并从中优化出一次用药即可防除大豆田全生育期杂草的配方:1、稀禾定+氟磺胺草醚+表面活性剂;2、稀禾定+普杀特;3、甲羧除草醚+乙草胺。上述三个配方小区试验除草效果(施药后65d)分别为95.4％,93.6％和91.4％,较大面积田间示范除草效果(施药后65d)分别为95.6％,95.5％和93.1％。对氟磺胺草醚及甲羧除草醚的二次药害和残留量进行测定,确定了两种除草剂对后茬作物的安全用量。建立了整地(翻、耙)——播种(结合施肥)——用药——中耕培土(一次)——收获的栽培模式。试验结果证明,利用除草剂一次性防除大豆田全生育期杂草危害,并免去人工除草和两次中耕的少耕栽培方法是可行的。     

BOT项目融资在我国城市水务领域的应用

我国城市水务在未来30年将呈持续高速发展态势,所需投资额年均过千亿之巨,其中政府的投资比例有限,更多的资金缺口需社会资本来弥补,融资压力巨大。同时,我国水务市场具备充分的开放政策和行业利好因素,投资回报前景良好,水务BOT的应用时机正接近成熟,应进行大力推广阶段。     

9GS-2.0割草机的设计及试验

针对目前割草机仅适于在比较平坦的地面上切割,难以适应坡面工作要求的问题,为此通过理论分析、三维模型设计、田间试验相结合的方法,设计既适用于平地切割,又适用于坡面切割的甩刀式割草机。主要对该机的调节机构、甩刀的数量及排列方式、传动系统进行设计,并对甩刀的速度、割草辊总成的动平衡进行分析计算。试验结果表明,该割草机工作性能良好,割茬平均高度52 mm,杂草碎段区域长度≤80 mm的草段占总草段的93%,碎草性能较好,工作效率达到1.18 hm^2/h,各项指标均达到设计要求,割草机作业质量能够满足农艺要求,为我国新型果园机械化割草作业提供技术支持。     

船用冷却泵的数值模拟与优化设计

为了适应船用泵的发展,研制开发新型高效船用冷却泵,采用了Fluent模拟泵内流场,对CB80—65—125型船用冷却泵进行优化．模拟分析了设计工况下,叶轮优化前后,叶片背面与工作面的相对速度分布及z=0平面上的静压分布．根据模拟得到的结果,通过修改叶片进口安放角和叶片形状,对泵进行了优化设计,并对叶轮优化前后的流场进行了分析比较．对泵做了性能试验,并将试验结果与模拟结果作了对比．结果表明,叶轮内部流场和相对速度分布都得到了改善,优化后的叶轮形状更符合流动特性,泵流量和扬程都能满足要求,高效区宽,设计工况点的效率提高了3．56％．因此,结合Fluent模拟泵内流场来进行优化设计的方法是可行的．