浙江农民专业合作社融资影响因素和融资策略实证研究

农民专业合作社逐步发展壮大,融资需求与资金供给之间的矛盾日益突出。文章在对浙江省100家农民专业合作社融资状况调查的基础上,就农民专业合作社的融资现状进行实证分析,并对比了合作社企业“种子基金”外部融资创新模式和内部融资创新模式的优劣势,找出影响合作社融资的主要因素,并提出农民专业合作社融资模式创新策略。即（1）首先加强对金融和财务人才的培训和指导;（2）鼓励非正规金融机构与正规金融机构之间的有效融合;（3）改进业务内容和服务方式;（4）创新和保护、规范非正规金融机构和多元化扶持更多的非正规金融机构发展等。     

Systems approaches to innovation in crop protection. A systematic literature review

The objective of this paper is to explore the extent to which systems approaches to innovation are reflected in the crop protection literature and how such approaches are used. A systematic literature review is conducted to study the relation between crop protection and systems approaches to innovation in 107 publications. The analysis of the crop protection literature demonstrates that only a small fraction is systems-oriented as compared to the bulk of publications with a technology-oriented approach. The analysis of agricultural innovations systems literature shows that, although crop protection is addressed, the potential of this systems approach remains largely unexplored for crop protection innovation. A large share of the publications included in this review focus on cropping or farming ‘systems’ while ‘innovation’ often equals the development, transfer, adoption and diffusion of crop protection technologies at farm level. There is relatively little attention for the institutional and political dimensions of crop protection and the interactions between farm, regional and national levels in crop protection systems. The traditional division of roles and responsibilities of researchers as innovators, extension personnel as disseminators, and farmers as end-users, is challenged only to a limited extent. The majority of publications discusses ways to optimise existing features of crop protection systems, without exploring more structural transformations that may be required to enhance the resilience of crop protection systems.     

机械创新设计实践教学改革的建议

简述机械创新设计的现状及实践教学研究思路和方法,提出了实践教学改革的建议及措施,并介绍和总结了海南大学机械创新设计的实践教学设计,为其它学校进行机械创新设计的教学研究提供参考。     

Conservation of endemic landlocked salmonids in regulated rivers: a case‐study from Lake Vänern,Sweden

Conservation of migratory salmonids requires understanding their ecology at multiple scales, combined with assessing anthropogenic impacts. We present a case‐study from over 100 years of data for the endemic landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) and brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae) in Lake Vänern, Sweden. We use this case‐study to develop life history‐based research and monitoring priorities for migratory salmonids. In Vänern, small wild populations of salmon and trout remain only in the heavily regulated Rivers Klar (Klarälven) and Gullspång (Gullspångsälven), and commercial and sport fisheries are maintained by hatchery stocking. These populations represent some of the last remaining large‐bodied (up to 20 kg) landlocked salmon stocks worldwide. We found that one of four stocks of wild fish has increased since 1996; the other three remain critically low. Hatchery return rates for three of four stocks appear stable at roughly 1% and annual fisheries catch is roughly 75 metric tons, with an estimated 7.5% of hatchery smolts being recruited to the fishery; this also appears relatively stable since 1990. Our analysis reveals much uncertainty in key data requirements, including both river return and fisheries catch rates, estimates of wild smolt production and survival, and hatchery breeding and genetics protocols. These uncertainties, coupled with a lack of information on their riverine and lacustrine ecology, preclude effective management of these unique populations. We conclude with a framework for a life history‐based approach to research and monitoring for Vänern salmon and trout, which should be applicable for all endemic, migratory salmonid populations.     

现代农业产业技术体系认知度研究

从现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队成员认知出发,对北京市创新团队成员进行访谈和调研,运用比较和方差分析的方法对创新团队的工作重心进行研究。对创新团队不同岗位成员的认知、对创新团队成员认知与实际情况进行比较分析,通过它们之间的差异来发现创新团队相关方面存在的不足和问题,并提出相应的解决对策。     

从创新扩散理论看《农学报》中农学知识及农业科技的推广

本文试图运用创新扩散理论所提出的模式廓清《农学报》（1897）中农学知识及其农业科技传播途径。采用传播统计和原始期刊文献分析法,统计了晚清社会农业机械使用情况、农业试验、改良和推广机构、农业教学等机构出现带来的农业新变化以及这些新现象传播过程从而获知《农学报》中农学科技知识的传播是通过官方的支持,各种农学会、农业试验场、农业学堂的设立,加之乡绅的积极推广而最终一级一级传给最终的目标受众——农民,并通过创新扩散理论的5个影响因素分析了西方农业科技在晚清社会的传播与推广状况。     

新时期保持大学生党员先进性的评测维度分析

为了有效保持大学生党员先进性,对保持大学生党员先进性的评测维度进行初步探讨,分析认为保持大学生党员先进性方面既有普遍适用意义的评测要求,也有针对大学生这一群体的特殊评测要求。提出应该将大学生的学习能力、实践能力、创新能力3个方面作为大学生党员的先进性的评测维度。以此为标尺对大学生党员的模范带头作用、核心骨干作用、激励示范作用的发挥情况进行综合评价,将保持大学生党员的先进性落到实处。     

紫茎泽兰化感作用对6种贵州本地植物种子萌发的影响

为了解紫茎泽兰对贵州本地植物种子萌发的影响,以紫茎泽兰作为供体,选取6种植物种子作为受体,采用培养皿滤纸法测定紫茎泽兰叶片浸提液对贵州本地植物种子萌发的化感作用。结果表明:紫茎泽兰化感物质对马尾松、苣荬菜各发芽参数和杉木胚根生长呈现出低促高抑的现象,而对其他几种受体表现为抑制作用,随着浸提液浓度的升高,对各受体的抑制作用显著增强。各受体植物种子萌发对紫茎泽兰化感作用的敏感程度不同,马尾松、苣荬菜、油茶对紫茎泽兰的化感物质的抑制作用不敏感,杉木、板栗、火棘则较为敏感。     

高等农业院校数学实验课程建设与教学实践

数学实验是一种基本的数学方法。阐述了高等农业院校《数学实验》课程的教学模式、教学内容、教学方法与改革、课程考核办法以及对《数学实验》课程的认识和建设过程。     

闽台农业的依存性与合作创新区域农业竞争力

本文从闽台农业的依存性,闽台农业发展的制约因素,闽台农业竞争力等方面,分析与论证了闽台农业合作能创新闽台区域农业竞争力,并阐述了深化闽台农业合作,政策创新是关键。