常态下景天科室内观赏植物释放负离子的研究

目的为景天科拟石莲花属植物规模化繁殖和生产提供依据。方法以景天科拟石莲花属植物雪莲种子、红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶片以及3种播种基质(V_{泥炭土422#}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2、V_{泥炭土680#}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2和V_{本地红壤土}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2)为试材,测定了3种基质的理化性质及其对红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶插生根率、新芽直径以及对雪莲种子发芽率的影响。结果3种基质的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、有机质和有效氮磷钾元素均存在差异,pH值和EC值均符合拟石莲花属植物的生长要求。3种基质对拟石莲花属植物叶插生根率影响不显著(P>0.05),对新芽直径和种子发芽率影响显著(P<0.05),拟石莲花属植物物种间的叶插生根率和新芽直径存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异,拟石莲花属植物物种和基质间存在互作效应。基质理化性质中,对拟石莲花属植物发芽率和生根率均为显著影响的共性因素为基质中有机质含量、氮元素含量和持水孔隙度,而对生长速度有极显著影响的因素为通气孔隙度。结论泥炭和珍珠岩复配较适宜作为拟石莲花属植物的叶插和播种繁殖基质,针对不同拟石莲花属植物品种筛选不同性质的泥炭,并且在不同生长期选用不同理化性质的基质,可获得更好的繁育效果。     

玉米根系分泌物对烟草黑胫病菌的抑制活性及其抑菌物质分析

目的明确玉米、辣椒单作和间作种植后根围土壤细菌群落的变化与病害发生的关系,解析土壤微生物在玉米和辣椒多样性种植中控制病害的作用。方法比较玉米/辣椒间作和分别单作后根围土壤微生物对玉米小斑病和辣椒疫病发生的影响,并应用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术比较不同处理根围细菌群落的差异。结果单作玉米的根围土壤微生物能显著抑制辣椒疫病的发生(P<0.05),辣椒单作、玉米/辣椒间作后玉米根围土壤微生物降低玉米小斑病的趋势明显。根围土壤细菌群落分析结果表明：单作玉米根围气单胞菌属、堆囊菌属和固氮螺菌属等的相对丰度显著高于间作玉米和单作辣椒根围(P<0.05);单作辣椒和间作玉米根围土壤中拟杆菌门相对丰度上调,并且其中的拟杆菌属、农研丝杆菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属和Muribaculum的相对丰度也显著上调(P<0.05)。结论玉米/辣椒间作和间作后有利于帮助彼此降低病害的发生。单作或间作后导致土壤细菌群落的变化是其缓解病害发生的重要机制。     

高温胁迫下AM真菌对牡丹叶片解剖结构和蒸腾特性的影响

作者研究了高温胁迫下丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对盆栽牡丹幼苗叶片解剖结构和蒸腾特性的影响。结果表明,供试AM真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)均能侵染牡丹根系,其侵染率分别为47%和44%。接种AM真菌的比未接种对照(CK)植株的叶片细胞排列紧密,叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海棉组织厚度均表现为接种G.mosseae植株>接种G.versiforme植株>CK。在相同高温下接种AM真菌处理的牡丹叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度和气孔开度均显著低于CK。AM真菌提高了牡丹植株的抗热性,这对于高温胁迫下保持和提高光合效率是十分重要的。其中接种G.mosseae处理的效果优于G.versiforme     

奶牛高产养殖技术要点分析

随着人民物质生活水平的不断提升,畜禽产品的需求量也在不断增大,奶牛产业作为畜牧业的重要组成部分,是农牧民增产、增收的重要途径。奶牛饲养过程中,泌乳量的多少直接影响奶牛养殖场（户）的经济效益,如何让奶牛充分发挥其泌乳性能一直是奶牛养殖过程中需要解决的问题。本文在阐述高产奶牛生产特点的基础上,从多个角度分析了奶牛高产养殖技术的要点,为奶牛养殖场（户）正确进行饲养和管理,充分发挥奶牛生产性能提供理论基础。     

山地滴灌下矮化密植枣树氮磷钾施肥效应模式研究

采用氮、磷、钾三因素D饱和最优设计,研究了黄土高原山地滴灌下矮化密植枣树氮、磷、钾施肥肥效与优化施肥模式。结果表明,施肥明显促进了枣树地径的增加(单施钾肥除外),显著提高了红枣坐果率;施肥促进了新梢的生长,其中施氮和氮磷钾配施影响显著,而单施磷、单施钾影响不显著。施肥明显提高红枣产量,氮、磷、钾肥对红枣产量的影响为氮肥钾肥磷肥;氮肥与磷肥、氮肥与钾肥之间有正交互作用,磷肥与钾肥无明显交互作用。山地滴灌工程下矮化密植枣树(1 650株/hm2)目标产量为20 000~24 000kg/hm2的优化施肥方案为:N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为271.36~374.88、128.36~217.94、124.44~228.58kg/hm2。     

授粉技术和单株留瓜数对鄂丝瓜1号制种效果的影响

以鄂丝瓜1号的父、母本为试材,以父本当天上午开放的雄花为花粉来源,研究了授粉时间、花粉供给量和单株留瓜数对种子产量和质量的影响。试验结果表明,母本雌花开放的当天上午和开花前1 d上午均可作为鄂丝瓜1号制种的适宜授粉时间;以1朵雄花为3朵雌花进行授粉为鄂丝瓜1号制种的首选花粉供给量;鄂丝瓜1号制种中,1株母本可以留5~6个种瓜。     

Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period

During the early postpartum period dairy cows mobilize fat and muscle to support lactation. This is associated with alterations in blood metabolite and hormone profiles which in turn influence milk yield and fertility. This study developed models to determine how metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score were inter-related at different times in the periparturient period and to compare these relationships in primiparous (PP, n=188) and multiparous (MP, n=312) cows. Data from four previous studies which included information on blood metabolic parameters, parity, milk yield, body condition score and diet were collated into a single dataset. Coefficients of polynomial equations were calculated for each trait between -1 week pre-calving and week +7 postpartum using residual maximum likelihood modelling. The completed dataset was used in a multiple correlation model to determine how the best fit curves were related to each other over time. PP cows had higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations throughout, higher leptin concentrations pre-partum and both the peak in non-esterified fatty acids and the nadir in urea concentration occurred earlier after calving. These differences were associated with significantly lower milk production. Leptin concentrations fell at calving and were related to body condition score. Insulin was negatively correlated with yield in MP cows only. In MP cows the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I and yield switched from negative to positive between weeks +4 and +7. Both beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea were positively related to yield in PP cows. In contrast, in MP cows beta-hydroxybutyrate was negatively correlated with yield and urea was strongly related to body condition score but not yield. These results suggest that there are differences in the control of tissue mobilization between PP and MP cows which may promote nutrient partitioning into growth as well as milk during the first lactation.     

河北省玉米产量灰色理论分析与预测

为了解河北省玉米产量变化的规律,明确今后育种工作的目标和前景,利用灰色系统理论的GM（1,1）模型,依据1980-2003年河北省审定的玉米品种的区域试验产量,建立预测模型为：^X（k＋1）^（1）=324 818.583 945e^0.018524-318 652.083 945。并在生产因素保持相对稳定的条件下,据此模型对河北省玉米生产进行规划性预测,为生产的规划与决策提供科学依据。预测结果表明,在挖掘耕地资源和非耕地资源的生产潜力,提高农业资源综合生产能力的情况下,河北省的玉米产量将在2030年有可能达到15 052.6 kg/hm^2。     

种衣剂在小麦上的应用效果初报

就17%多·克·酮小麦种衣剂对幼苗生长的调控作用以及田间防治甘肃省小麦主要病害的实际应用效果进行了试验研究。盆栽试验结果表明，17%多·克·酮种衣剂安全的药种比为1:50，在此包衣比例下，不仅可提高出苗率，对植株生长无不良影响，而且能使植株根系活力显著增强，叶片叶绿素含量明显提高，生长后期抗倒伏能力增强；田间小区试验结果表明，对早期小麦条锈病的防效可达76.2%、小麦白粉病可达77.0%，对土传性小麦全蚀病的防效可达到82.1%，冬麦区小麦产量提高6.8%，春麦区小麦产量提高10.9%。     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration