毛竹林冰雪危害调查及灾后重建技术组装

以靖安县毛竹林为调查研究对象,调查冰雪危害毛竹林的规律,了解毛竹林分防御雪灾的能力,制定毛竹林损伤类型划分,组装毛竹林灾后重建技术.     

高职院校实验实训室安全管理

指出了随着高职教育事业的迅速发展,高职院校实验实训室急剧增加,面临的实验实训室安全问题日益严峻,分析了实验实训室特点和危险源辨识,根据事故发生的原因,从规范人的行为、确保实验设备实训耗材等物品安全、加强实验实训室管理3方面提出了实验实训室安全管理的对策。     

雨雪冰冻灾害对毛竹林的影响及恢复技术研究综述

在总结毛竹林雨雪冰冻灾害特征的基础上,综述了海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土层厚度等环境因子对毛竹林灾害程度的影响,认为海拔、坡度是主要的环境影响因子。竹林经营类型(纯林、混交林)、立竹密度、立竹年龄结构、大小年等林分结构状况与灾害程度密切相关。指出了毛竹林混交经营,合理林分结构建立,科学施肥,立竹钩梢等毛竹林预防雨雪冰冻灾害和灾后恢复技术,总结提出了毛竹林雨雪冰冻灾害影响因子,增强抵御雨雪冰冻灾害能力的林分结构模式优化,灾后快速恢复及经济效益提高或稳定的竹林复合经营等需重点研究的方向。     

Introduction: Working Forests in the Tropics: Policy and Market Impacts on Conservation and Management

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the active participation and support of local people, national governments, and the international community as a whole are essential to effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This development strategy ensures that socioeconomic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

Effectiveness of Thinning and Prescribed Fire Fuel Treatments in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands of the Davis Mountains,West Texas,USA

We evaluated the effectiveness of four fire hazard mitigation techniques in piñon-juniper forests of the Davis Mountains Preserve in West Texas. Four replicate fuel treatments (thin only, thin + burn, burn only, and control) were implemented to assess the effects of fire and fire surrogates on fuel loadings. The results suggested that the thin only and the thin + burn treatments significantly altered fuel loadings. The thin + burn treatment resulted in a 63% reduction in tree density, the thin only treatment resulted in a 23% reduction, and the burn only treatment showed an 8% reduction. Seedling density and tree basal area were not significantly affected by the treatments. Although thinning and thinning + burning were the most effective for reducing live fuels, they generated significant increases in surface fuels. Our results suggest that more aggressive thinning operations that target larger trees and prescribed burning during hotter, drier conditions could enhance future fuel management treatments in piñon-juniper woodlands in this region.     

外来入侵植物-黄花刺茄的生物学特性、危害与防控

黄花刺茄的适应性、繁殖能力、传播能力、侵害力、排挤性极强,是高度危险的检疫性有害植物,被称为"生态杀手"。文章对黄花刺茄的生物学特性、危害特点与防控措施作了简要叙述,以期引起自治区各级政府及相关部门的高度重视,提早防治,不要任其肆意蔓延,破坏我区的生态环境。     

宁夏霜冻致灾因子指标特征及危险性分析

利用宁夏23个气象站1981-2010年日最低气温观测资料,借助数理统计和空间分析方法,从气候致灾的角度,对宁夏霜冻发生范围、频率、强度及致灾因子危险性特征进行分析。结果表明,近30a来宁夏霜冻发生范围呈缩小趋势,且轻霜冻发生范围明显大于中霜冻和重霜冻;轻霜冻发生频率普遍较大,各地差异不明显,中霜冻和重霜冻发生频率小且空间差异明显;霜冻发生强度区域性明显,其中,轻霜冻和中霜冻强度指数呈中北部偏小、南部和北部偏大的趋势,重霜冻强度指数普遍偏小;宁夏霜冻致灾因子危险性南部普遍高于中北部,其中,隆德、兴仁等地是霜冻致灾因子危险性较高的区域,中北部大部地区处于低或次低危险区。研究结果作为霜冻风险研究的基础,可为区域防灾减灾提供重要依据。     

某高速公路边坡成因机制分析与稳定性评价

在山区修筑高等级公路不可避免地进行深挖高填,会形成大量的高陡路基边坡或者路堤边坡。由于岩土体原有的地质环境平衡被打破,客观上为这些边坡的坍塌、滑动等地质灾害创造了地质条件。工程实践表明,在我国已修建的山区高等级公路中,几乎是“无路不坍、无路不垮”,特别是在雨季,公路的坍方、滑坡更为普遍。所以如何正确认识山区公路边坡的地质条件、结构特点、形成机制和正确评价边坡的稳定性,已成为我国山区高等级公路建设中的重大地质工程问题。以某高速公路的边坡为例,详细阐述了采用“地质与工程”充分结合方法,评价该边坡施工全过程的稳定性状况,并以此为基础,提出了有效的治理措施。监测结果表明,治理工程实施后,边坡的稳定性达到了高等级公路的设计要求。     

贵州省纳雍县鬃岭镇"12·3"大型崩塌灾害分析

2004年12月3日,在贵州省纳雍县鬃岭镇左家营村岩脚组后山发生危岩体崩塌,崩塌体坠落后又冲击山下土坡,从而造成土坡下滑,掩埋了山下岩脚组的部分住户,形成了特大型地质灾害。据调查统计,此次灾害历时仅约2 min,共造成岩脚组19户居民受灾,12栋房屋被毁坏,7栋房屋受损。截至到12月26日,搜救工作彻底结束,共发现39人死亡,5人失踪,另外还有13人受伤。对滑坡特征、形成机理、稳定性及发展趋势进行了分析,并提出防治对策与措施。