白城市干旱成因及减灾对策

白城市地处大兴安岭山脉东麓平原区,气候属温带大陆性季风气候,特定的地域和气候条件,造成了十年九旱的历史顽症。对白城市的干旱形成原因进行了分析,并提出了抗旱减灾的对策。     

汶川地震后肖家沟泥石流活动特征与灾害防治

肖家沟是汶川地震震中映秀镇近邻的一条典型泥石流沟,位于渔子溪河左侧,沟域面积7.19 km²,沟床平均纵比降为485‰。"5·12"地震后该沟多次暴发泥石流。2010年8月14日,肖家沟暴发特大规模泥石流,一次冲出物方量约6.50×10⁵ m,堵塞渔子溪,堰塞湖溃决后造成洪水灾害。肖家沟泥石流物源条件非常丰富,地区降水充沛,危险性巨大,一旦发生泥石流,直接威胁S₃₀₃映秀段公路,造成交通中断;若发生大规模泥石流堵塞渔子溪形成堰塞体,堰塞体溃决之后,大量泥沙被洪水带至下游,抬高河床,将对下游映秀镇产生严重的洪水灾害。目前肖家沟沟域内共有松散固体物源量5.22×10⁶ m³,可参与泥石流活动的动储量为2.01×10⁶ m³。以肖家沟泥石流形成条件为基础,分析震后连续发生的泥石流类型与活动特征,并以此为依据探讨了肖家沟泥石流治理的简要思路。     

河北省水土流失现状与水土保持法的落实

河北省水土流失面积广而且严重，全省水土流失面积62957万km^2，占山区面积的55．45％，水土流失严重程度在强度、中度以上的占53．5％。贯彻落实《中华人民共和国水土保持法》后，治理速度加快了，质量也提高了。全省已有1100多个村、100多万人通过小流域综合治理实现了稳定脱贫，部分乡村达到了小康水平。依法治理河北省的水土流失，是早日实现“再造河北秀美山川”的关键措施。     

浙江省公益林雨雪冰冻灾情评估及恢复重建对策

对全省公益林小班进行灾情调查.2008年初雨雪冰冻灾害导致浙江省200万hm2公益林中的78.15万hm2受灾,其中重度以上(受损木比重≥30%)受灾面积达23.33万hm2,受灾区位以水系源头、自然保护区等生态区位非常重要和生态环境非常脆弱地区为主.经初步测算,本次雨雪冰冻灾害造成直接经济损失26.08亿元,生物总量减少1 172.61万t,未来10年累计各项生态损失942.71亿元.提出开展雨雪冰冻灾害对区域环境影响的监测与评估、受灾公益林生态系统恢复技术研究及实施灾后恢复重建工程等对策建议.     

江西省湿地松受雨雪冰冻灾害折断原因的调查与分析

湿地松是江西省的主要造林树种之一,在2008年初的雨雪冰冻灾害中受损尤为严重,突出表现为折断。笔者利用赴江西省指导雨雪冰冻灾害森林资源损失调查评估工作的机会,对江西省湿地松受雨雪冰冻灾害折断的原因进行了专题调研,总结了经验及教训,以期对林业灾后重建及恢复提供借鉴。     

云南的石漠化土地及其治理策略

云南省有岩溶分布的县 115个 ,其中 6 3个县分布有石漠化土地 ,面积 2 14 9万km2 ,占全省国土面积的5 5 % ,石漠化地区生态环境恶化 ,自然灾害严重。近 5年来经多方治理取得了一定的成效 ,对今后石漠化土地的治理提出了若干建议。     

Worlding aspirations and resilient futures: Framings of risk and contemporary city‐making in Metro Cebu,the Philippines

In the Philippines, calls for creating ‘global’, ‘sustainable’ and ‘resilient’ cities are placing urban poor communities in increasingly precarious positions. These communities have long been the targets of urban development and ‘modernisation’ efforts; more recently the erasure of informal settlements from Philippine cities is being bolstered at the behest of climate change adaptation and disaster risk management (DRM) agendas. In Metro Cebu, flood management has been at the heart of DRM and broader urban development discussions, and is serving as justification for the demolition and displacement of informal settler communities in areas classed as ‘danger zones’. Using Kusno's (2010) interpretation of the ‘exemplary centre’ as a point of departure, this paper interrogates the relationship between DRM, worlding aspirations (Roy and Ong, 2011) and market‐oriented urbanisation in Cebu, and considers the socio‐spatial implications of these intersecting processes for urban poor communities. Through analysing the contradictions inherent in framings of certain bodies and spaces as being ‘of risk’ or ‘at risk’ over others, I argue that the epistemologies of modernity, disaster risk and resilience endorsed and propagated by the state are facilitating processes of displacement and dispossession that serve elite commercial interests under the auspices of disaster resilience and pro‐poor development.     

池州市某矿地质灾害危险性评估

以池州市某矿为例,结合矿山的基本地质环境条件对评估区的地质灾害的现状进行了评估。同时对评估区因建设工程活动可能引发、加剧及自身已存在地质灾害进行了预测,并结合灾害类型给出了相应的防治措施。结果表明:评估区的地质灾害危险性评估级别为一级评估;评估区的建设用地适宜性评价为适宜。     

Risk management: A probe and study on forest fires

The subject of risk management is attracting more and more attention around the world. The risk of forest fire disasters should be faced and dealt with for forest fires cannot be avoided. Treating forest fire disasters as a risk management issue promotes important measures and methods for fire fighters to prevent, reduce and control the risks of forest fires. In this paper, the risk concept and risk connotation as well as the management risks for forest fire suppression are discussed clearly. Issues such as risk judgments, risk analysis, risk control and the assessment of risk, including their contents and corresponding methods are clarified. Translated from Forest Resources Management, 2006, 2: 24–27 [译自: 林业资源맜理]     

日本林业防灾减灾政策支持体系及借鉴

我国是一个林业灾害多发、频发的国家, 森林火灾、有害植物入侵、病虫鼠害、雨雪冰冻、洪水、滑坡、泥石流等各种灾害时有发生, 给森林资源和林业产业造成巨大威胁。日本灾害预防和救治管理体系完善, 经验值得借鉴。文中概述了日本防灾管理的法律体系和预算体系, 重点阐述了日本林业防灾预算体系、重大灾害防治制度和重大灾害追加预算制度, 针对我国林业防灾体系建设提出应完善法律体系和政策支持体系、建立林业灾害管理等级制度等建议。