不同蛋白源饲粮下断奶仔猪小肠中增食欲素受体2的表达特征

为探讨不同蛋白源饲粮对断奶仔猪小肠中增食欲素受体2（HCRTR2）的表达特征,研究采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测HCRTR2的mRNA在断奶后分别饲喂动物蛋白替代30％总蛋白饲粮（处理1）及全植物性蛋白饲粮（处理2）0、3、7、14日龄大约克猪空肠中的表达特征。结果表明,不同蛋白源饲粮对日CR豫2基因mRNA的表达均有影响;与断奶0日龄相比．在处理1中,断奶3、7和14日龄时,HCRTR2的表达分别上升了4.30、6．60和4．12倍;处理2中,断奶3、7、14日龄HCRTR2基因mRNA的表达量分别为断奶0日龄时的0．71、1．44和4．50倍。结论：不同蛋白源饲粮对HCRTR2基因mRNA的表达均有影响。     

复杂盐碱生态条件的人工模拟及其对羊草生长的影响

将ＮａＣｌ、ＮａＨＣＯ３、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和ＮａＣｏ３按不同比例混和,模拟出３０种盐度和ＰＨ各不相同的盐碱生态条件,并用以处理并草苗。测定羊草苗的存活率、分蘖数、根戏数及相对生长率等生长指标;分析盐度和ＰＨ对羊草生长失作用及其盯关性。结果表明：３０处处理均匀覆盖了总盐度５０－３５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＰＨ７．１４－１０．８１范围内的各处盐碱条件,羊草的各项生长指标均随盐浓度及Ｐ增高而下降;单纯高ＰＨ域盐度对羊     

景观空间异质性对生态系统服务的影响

景观空间异质性是一个景观生态学的概念,其会对生态系统服务产生巨大影响,而生态系统服务会随着景观格局的改变而改变。景观空间异质性可划分为景观组成异质性与景观构型异质性。这两方面对生态系统服务的影响机制和内容有所不同。目前很多学者都是对“景观格局—生态系统服务对应关系,或者生态系统过程—生态系统服务对应关系”进行研究,缺乏将景观格局、生态系统过程与生态系统服务三者结合起来,并关注三者变化与相互关系的研究。关于景观异质性是通过何种途径影响生态系统服务的,目前的研究还不够深入。通过总结国内外的有关文献,简述景观空间异质性是如何通过直接和间接作用影响生态系统服务,以期为提高生态系统服务、实现可持续发展以及制定生态保护政策提供科学依据。     

限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪的生长肥育性能分析

为探索限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪生长肥育性能以适应品牌猪肉具备风味性、安全性需要,在初生重(0.98±0.02)kg饲养(99.69±2.48)d的基础上,相应于25~35 kg、35~60 kg、60~75 kg等3个体重阶段,采用精料重分别占90%、80%、70%,青料重分别占10%、20%、30%配制饲粮,并按8.5成饱模式饲喂。结果表明:1)试猪由体重(24.79±0.64)kg饲养至出栏日龄(243.77±2.67)d、出栏体重(78.22±1.76)kg,该生长肥育全程(144.03±0.23)d、日增重(370.50±9.50)g、料重比(3.51±0.03),充分体现出限饲模式可行性;2)在≤240 d、240~260 d、>260 d的日龄梯级下分别以初生重(1.02±0.02)kg、(0.94±0.04)kg、(0.99±0.08)kg所求取的日增体重百分率曲线与日龄梯级呈负相关态势,显现日龄低梯级明显优于高梯级,反映出生长强度与日龄负相关的必然性;3)自起运至屠宰分别间隔5 h、29 h的胴体率、白条率的相差值达5.04和5.05个百分点,屠宰间隔直接造成胴体损失。     

门源草原毛虫茧的空间分布型

通过采用聚集度指标检验的方法，对门源草原毛虫茧在矮嵩草草甸中的空间格局进行研究。结果表明，该虫雄茧（内有雄蛹）和雌茧（内有雌蛹或雌成虫或卵）的空间分布型属于聚集分布。并测定了茧个体群大小，分析了聚集原因，为野外抽样调查，密度估计及预测预报提供了依据。     

Reference Values and Repeatability of Transabdominal Ultrasonographic Gastrointestinal Tract Thickness and Motility in Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus)

The present study aimed to provide reference ranges for the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract from a sample of donkeys (Equus asinus) population using B-mode ultrasonography. In the present study, 30 clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) (15 males and 15 females), aged 2–20 year old and weighed 100–280 kg were randomly selected for B-mode ultrasonographic scanning of the abdomen. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was assessed. Moreover, the motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was evaluated over a period of 3 minutes. Abdominal ultrasonographic scanning of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy donkeys explored that the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum could be visualized easily. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.0 ± 0.9 mm, 3.3 ± 1.0 mm, 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, 5.1 ± 0.5 mm, 5.4 ± 0.5 mm, and 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The thickest part of the gastrointestinal tract is the stomach, whereas the thinnest part is the duodenum. The motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.7 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, 6.9 ± 1.1 contractions/3 minutes, 4.1 ± 1.2 contractions/3 minutes, 5.5 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, and 4.0 ± 0.8 contractions/3 minutes, respectively. Both the duodenum and jejunum contractions were significantly higher than that of the left colon, right colon, and cecum. This is the first study reporting the reference values for both the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt. Good knowledge of these standard and reference values of the wall thickness and motility pattern of gastrointestinal tract structures represents a step in the early diagnosis of the gastrointestinal disorders, including colic in such animal species.     

0～3周龄北京鸭氨基酸理想模式的研究

依据扣除法原理，根据现有氨基酸需要量标准和目前的研究结果规划出一种氨基酸模式，依次将模式中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸扣除20％，而非扣除的氨基酸量保持不变，来确定扣除某一种氨基酸后对育雏期北京鸭生产性能和血液生化指标的影响，确定出理想的氨基酸比例。试验共设6个处理组，为6种氨基酸模式，每个处理设4个重复。结果表明：北京鸭育雏期氨基酸理想模式为赖氨酸：蛋氨酸：色氨酸：苏氨酸：异亮氨酸=100：42：22：38：48。     

36个燕麦品种不同部位养分分布格局

分析了天祝高寒草甸区36种不同饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)叶片、籽粒和茎秆中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖、粗脂肪、磷、钙、粗纤维、中性纤维和酸性纤维含量的分布特征。结果显示:36个燕麦品种叶片中水分、灰分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖和钙含量显著高于籽粒和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为6.36%、9.28%、19.82%、13.71%和0.25%;籽粒中粗脂肪和磷含量显著高于叶片和茎秆(P0.05),平均值分别为:4.48%和0.25%;茎秆中粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于叶片和种子(P0.05),平均值分别为35.62%、65.18%和56.40%。总之,36种燕麦不同部位的营养价值高低依次为叶片籽粒茎秆。     

In vitro evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint loading during simulated walk

Reasons for performing study: Insight into the loading pattern of the articular cartilage surface during the complete stride is important as biomechanical factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of joint trauma and osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives: To determine the loading pattern in the equine MCP articulation in vitro during simulated walk. Methods: Eight cadaveric limbs from mature Dutch Warmblood horses were loaded in a pneumatic loading device in 6 different positions (A1‐A6). The pressure distribution on the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) was measured at 7 sites (S1‐7) using intra‐articularly placed pressure sensitive films, which were analysed by scanning and densitometry. Results: Pressures recorded after mid‐stance (A4, 5, 6) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those before (A1, 2, 3) and showed the biphasic loading pattern of the walk at all sites, except for the site halfway along the sagittal groove (S7). At S7, there was a linear increase in pressure during the progress of the stance phase of the stride in most horses. Medially (S4, 5, 6) the pressure was significantly higher than laterally (S1, 2, 3) (P<0.05). Conclusions and potential relevance: The heavier medial loading coincides with the location where articular cartilage degeneration in the process of OA in the equine MCP joint is known to start. The discrepancy between the loading of the central groove and the other parts of the joint may result in large stress differences at the end of the stance phase, which might be related to the pathogenesis of stress fractures in the first phalanx and distal third metacarpal bone.     

基于高分辨率卫星图像的深圳特区市政绿地结构特征分析

基于“Quickbird”卫星遥感数据对深圳特区市级公园及市政道路绿地现状进行判读,并结合实地调查数据进行比较分析。结果表明,判读结果与实地调查数据相符程度较高,尤其是面积相对较大的公园绿地;对于以乔木为主的分车道绿地,由于判读为覆盖面积,与调查面积出现一定差异;深圳市市政公园绿地中乔灌草所占比例最大,其次为乔草和草坪;市政道路绿地与公园绿地相比,乔木、乔草、灌草、灌木类型比例均有所上升,草坪面积大幅减少,乔灌草复合结构依然占绝对优势。