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11.
J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):217-235
Dry Matter Production, CO2 Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO2 concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO2 exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO2 concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO2 treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO2 concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO2 concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants. 相似文献
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO
12.
Sandy‐textured Mediterranean soils are invariably depleted in organic matter and supply only small amounts of N to crops. To compensate for these deficiencies, we tested the N supply from six organic wastes applied to a Cambic Arenosol in pots growing ryegrass. The results showed that the behaviour of the wastes in supplying N to a ryegrass crop grown in this soil can be predicted by observing their performance in laboratory aerobic incubations. The N made available during these incubations fitted well to a one‐pool kinetic model. 相似文献
13.
保定市工业废水农灌的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了保定市工业废水经农灌土地处理,对土壤、地下水和农作物品质的影响。结果表明:以造纸、食品、轻纺和化工为主的工业废水在重金属常年不超出农灌标准下,宜于在非盐化土壤灌溉;废水中硫化物超标,通过土壤生物区系,能降低毒性;废水中常规有机物,农灌后利大于害;只要在土壤容量允许内,可具有二级污水处理工艺不能完成的效果。 相似文献
14.
用通径分析的方法分析了不同形态硫对土壤有机质的作用。结果表明 :在影响土壤有机质的诸多硫组分中 ,以全硫为主 ,其次是未知态硫和全硫的共同作用 ,再次是碳键硫和全硫的共同作用 ,脂键硫排在第九位。有机硫起主要作用 相似文献
15.
对N×特青示范田中试区与肥料试验田各处理小区稻株分析结果表明:抽穗后,亚种间杂交稻N×特青比常规稻特青干物质生产能力强,灌浆速度快;地上部各器官占植株干重比例,前者叶片比重大于茎,后者茎比重大于叶。亚种间杂交稻对肥料反应敏感,抽穗后,干物质累积,植株高度,每穗总粒数和粒重均随施肥量增加而增加,在高肥区有利于进一步提高产量,但增施氮肥后,灌浆速度明显滞后。 相似文献
16.
In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) rate (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha?1 applied in three equal dressings at seeding and after the first and second cuttings) and stubble height (7, 14 and 21 cm) on the dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) content, and CP yield of a sorghum–sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., cv. Pioneer 988] in the three‐cut system was investigated. The N rate had no significant effect in the first and third cuttings, but in the second cutting DM yields increased significantly with increase in N rate. The highest yield of 9.1 t ha?1 was obtained with 80 kg N ha?1 for the average of 2 years at the second cutting, but no significant difference was found among the 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha?1 rates. CP content and yield were not significantly affected by N rate at the first and third cuttings, but CP content and yield were significantly affected by application of N at the second cutting. Stubble height had a significant effect on CP content at the third cutting. However, it had no significant effect on CP content at the first and second cuttings. Stubble height had a significant effect on the CP yield at the first cutting, but no significant effect on CP yield at the second and third cuttings. 相似文献
17.
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha−1 significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha−1 ), N (75 kg ha−1 ) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. In Australia, stubble burning and tillage are two of the major processes responsible for the decline of soil organic carbon concentration in cropped soils, and the resulting soil degradation. However, the relative importance of these two practices in influencing the soil organic carbon concentration and the long-term impact on soil quality and productivity are not clear. The effects of stubble burning as practised by farmers in southeastern Australia were evaluated in two field trials, one of 19 years duration, the other of 5 years. Conventional tillage (three tillage passes) led to greater loss of soil organic carbon than stubble burning. Loss of total soil organic carbon attributed to stubble burning in the 0–10 cm layer was estimated to be 1.75 t C ha−1 over the period of the 19-year trial, equivalent to 29% of that lost due to tillage. In the 5-year trial, no change in soil organic carbon due to stubble burning was detectable. Changes in soil quality associated with stubble burning detected in the longer trial included a reduction in macro-aggregate stability, and increases in pH and exchangeable K+ . Only the latter two were detected in the shorter trial. A higher mean wheat yield (average 0.15 t ha−1 ) following stubble burning was observed in the 19-year trial but not in the 5-year trial. Research to monitor the longer term effects of stubble burning is needed, and to identify conditions where loss of soil organic carbon is minimized. 相似文献
19.
本文根据内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗有机大米加工实践及国内外先进经验,总结提出一整套有机大米加工技术规程。包括原料要求,加工厂址、建设要求,加工设备、加工人员、加工方法、质量要求及管理等系列化要求标准,为有机大米加工业建设提供了参考。 相似文献
20.
超级杂交稻的优化(稀植、结构施肥)栽培试验于2002-2004年在长沙进行,以比较不同栽培方法对超级杂交稻产量及物质生产的影响。以两优培九为材料,并以汕优63作为对照。结果表明,两种栽培法,两个供试品种的产量表现不同,其中两优培九采用优化栽培单产为8.20~10.37t/hm2,比传统栽培增产显著。主要表现为有效穗多,而结实率、千粒重、穗实粒等产量因子差异不明显。汕优63采用优化栽培单产比传统栽培减产0.37%~8.8%。两种栽培方法间的茎蘖发生动态和单株分蘖数存在极显著差异,两组合单株分蘖数优化栽培比传统栽培分别多110.36%和110.64%,但由于移栽密度不同,两种栽培方式间的单位面积分蘖数没有明显差异。两优培九采用优化栽培的在各个生育时期,植株体内的含氮量比传统栽培的高。 相似文献