木基材用低温透明粉末涂料的固化动力学研究

采用非等温示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究了环氧-聚酯低温透明粉末涂料体系的固化反应动力学。利用DSC数据,结合Kissinger、Doyle-Ozawa和Crane经验方程建立了该粉末涂料固化的动力学模型。结果表明：①该体系的凝胶温度、固化温度和后固化温度分别为95℃、145℃和175℃。②固化反应的平均表观活化能Ea为67.82 kJ·mol^-1,频率因子A为2.92×10^7,反应级数0.92。③该涂料的分解温度为302℃。     

智能烟苗剪叶机控制系统的设计

针对现有烟苗剪叶机操作复杂、成本高、效率低、自动化水平低等不足,设计了YJY–ZD桥式烟苗剪叶机控制系统。该系统由执行元件、信息采集单元、信息处理单元和控制电路等组成,可实现烟苗剪叶机一键启动,自动完成往复机构横向往复运动与整机纵向行走自动交互变换,运用往复运动控制算法控制往复机构往复运动,实现往复机构换向时无冲击、残余动能回收。试验测得的剪苗机作业漏剪率为0.55%,伤苗率为0.4%,漏拾率为0.4%,平均工作效率可达692 m2/h。     

改性白果壳对水溶液中重金属镉的吸附研究

为实现农林废弃物的资源化利用和开辟廉价、高效的重金属吸附剂,利用1%KMnO4溶液对白果壳进行化学改性,制备成KMnO4改性白果壳(命名为WSK),用于水溶液中Cd2+的吸附,研究温度、pH、反应时间、初始Cd2+浓度4个因素对WSK吸附Cd2+的影响,并通过模型拟合、电镜扫描(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)分析,对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,WSK是一种理想的Cd2+吸附剂,其吸附性能受温度、pH、反应时间、Cd2+初始浓度的影响。吸附量与体系温度呈正相关,温度越高吸附量越大;随pH的增加吸附量先升高后降低,pH为5.5时,吸附效果最佳;在60 min后基本达到吸附平衡;随着Cd2+初始浓度的升高,WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附量逐渐增加,当Cd2+浓度为300 mg·L-1时,去除率为94.49%,基本达到吸附饱和。WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich模型,决定系数R2为0.94,最大吸附量为119.76mg·g-1;吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,R2为0.999 5。SEM照片显示WSK表面呈多孔结构,增加了WSK的比表面积、孔容及表面吸附位点,这有助于提高其吸附性能。红外光谱图分析表明,WSK主要靠-OH、-COO-、-NH-、C=O、-P=O、-CH-等离子活性官能基团与Cd2+配位结合,其中-COO-起重要作用。     

动力学光度法测定小麦过氧化氢酶活动度

过氧化氢酶与四甲基联苯胺和过氧化氢反应生成蓝色物质,通过分光光度法检测蓝色产物进而可测定小麦中过氧化氢酶活动度.结果表明,光度法测得的蓝色反应的初始速率与小麦中过氧化氢酶的活动度呈线性关系,线性方程为:y=110.26x +44.06,相关系数为R=0.993.采用此方法测定小麦中的过氧化氢酶活动度准确高,重复性好,简便快捷,是测定粮食中的过氧化氢酶活动度的一种较好的方法.     

冬小麦杂种F_1及其亲本光合特性的研究初报

研究了 10个冬小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)杂交组合的子一代 (F1)及其亲本的光合特性。结果表明 ,在这 10个杂交组合中 ,虽然只各有 4个杂交组合的 F1的 PS 总的光化学量子产额 (Yield)和光化学荧光猝灭系数 (q P)有超亲现象 ,但绝大多数组合的 F1光合功能都与母本十分相近 ,正反交组合的结果进一步证明这种相关性。可见 ,母系遗传对于 F1光合功能的优劣有着十分重要的作用。根据所得的实验结果 ,认为在配置冬小麦杂交组合时 ,选择具有优良光合功能的品种作母本 ,可为进一步筛选光合功能好的稳定品种创造条件 ,是加速小麦育种进程的重要途径之一     

Alteration of glutathione S-transferase properties during the development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Micromelalopha troglodyta</Emphasis> larvae (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) is an important pest of poplar in China. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are known to be responsible for adaptation mechanisms of M. troglodyta. The activities and kinetic constants of glutathione S-transferases in M. troglodyta were studied. Significant differences in glutathione S-transferase activity and kinetic characteristics were observed among five instars of M. troglodyta larvae. Furthermore, the inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in five instars by 24 inhibitors was conducted. The results show the inhibition of GST activity of different instars by 24 inhibitors was different. For GST activity in the 1st instar, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulfan, abamectin, fipronil and pyridaben were the best inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 2nd instar, tannic acid and quercetin were the most potent inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 3rd instar, the inhibitory effects of quercetin, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin were the highest, and for GST activity in the 4th instar, quercetin and lambda-cyhalothrin were the best inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of phoxim was the highest for GST activity in the 5th instar. Our results show that glutathione S-transferases in different instars are qualitatively different in isozyme composition and thus different in sensitivity to inhibitors.     

不同N水平紫色土上不同水稻品种吸收N、K的动力学

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen and potassium uptake by four rice cultivars. Results showed that the quadratic parabola relationship between biomass of rice and nitrogen levels was observed, with the maximum biomass at the nitrogen level of 150 mg kg^-1. The rates of nitrogen and potassium uptake by the four rice cultivars depended on growth stage and rice cultivar with the maximum rate of N in Shanyou-63 and maximum rate of K in Kaiyou-5 (hybrid rice), respectively. The kinetics of nitrogen and potasssium uptake by rice plant could be quantitatively described by the following equations: y = a + blogt, y = ab + t^1/2 and y = ae^-bt. The b value in the equations was correlated significantly to the rates of nitrogen and potassium uptake (N_R and K_R, r = 0.901^**~0.990^**), suggesting that the b value could be used to distinguish the index of nitrogen and potassium uptake capacity of rice. The maximum values of nitrogen uptake by plant (b value) and apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen were observed in Shanyou-63, and the minimum value in Eryou-6078. However, the capacity of potassium uptake (b value) by Kaiyou-5 ranked first and that by Shanyou-63 second. There was a significant linear relationship between nitrogen level and nitrogen uptake by rice, but a quadratic parabola relationship was found between nitrogen level and patassium uptake by rice. The application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the ratios of potassium to nitrogen uptake by rice plant. The greatest reduction in the ratio was observed at high nitrogen level, and the least reduction was found in Kaiyou-5 and Shanyou-63 due to their greater ability to absorb potassium.     

番茄果实采后贮藏过程中的颜色动力学模型及其应用

研究了番茄采后成熟过程中果皮颜色的变化规律，发现色泽角（H°）、色泽比（a/b）和明度等主要颜色参数的变化均符合一级动力学模型，并由实验确定了各颜色模型的动力学参数：参考变化速率常数（K_ref）和反应活化能（E_α）。在此基础上，设计了一个色泽角-时温预测器，能够预测和监控果实采后贮藏的品质变化。     

应用多级反应动力学模型研究土壤甲氨基酚吸附

Metolachlor retention on a Sharkey clay soil was quantified using a kinetic batch method for different initial solution concentrations.Time-dependent adsorption was carried out by monitoring solution concentration at different reaction times.Adsorption was kinetic multireaction model which includes reverible and irreversible retention processes of the equilibrium and kinetic types,The predictive capability of the model for the dexcription of experimental results for metolachlor retention was examined and proved to be adequate。     

盾壳霉几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶酶动力学性质初步研究

盾壳霉几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶酶动力学性质研究表明:几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的酶促反应,在本试验计量范围内,其反应速度与酶量和底物浓度均呈正相关,但两种酶促反应适宜的温度和pH值有较大差。几丁质酶降解几丁质的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为8.0,葡聚糖酶降解葡聚糖的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH值为3.0。