高压水射流在高压气管内表面清洗中的应用

储运高压气的高压气管使用中因其内表面残留氧化皮脱落造成出口阀路堵塞,导致高压气管失效。介绍了高压水射流清洗技术的特点和水射流效应的机理,阐述了该设备的工作过程、系统组成和基本参数,并作了经济分析和效果评价。     

苏云金杆菌油烟雾剂脉冲式烟雾载药技术的研究

本文首次研究了苏云金杆菌油烟雾剂脉冲式烟雾载药技术。研究结果表明,Ｂｔ菌粉柴油烟剂经过６ＨＹ－２５型烟雾机后,仍保持活力;经纯化培养Ｂｔ对家蚕毒力没有下降;Ｂｔ烟雾直接对家蚕仍有致病力。经初步筛选,Ｂｔ油烟雾剂所用油以０号柴油为较好,Ｂｔ菌粉在Ｂｉｔ柴油烟雾剂中悬浮性好,烟雾化后Ｂｔ存活力高,且能自然扩散;食用植物油次之,而１００号汽油对Ｂｔ有杀伤作用,研究还发现,烟雾机喷药咀直径大小是影响Ｂｔ存     

Effect of Deflection Characters on Self oscillating Water Jet

The deflective mechanism of the oscillating water jet is analyzed and the effects of jet deflection on the self oscillating water jet are investigated. It is experimentally shown that the deflective angle may reach 9.53 degree, the pressure fluctuation is more intensive and more regular and the jet can efficiently eliminate the water cushion effect and increase the ability in cutting.     

液液系统中荷电射流不稳定性

针对生物柴油液液静电雾化乳化过程,建立了色散方程并应用Matlab进行数值计算,分析了水射流速度、荷电电压、水与生物柴油各自的黏度、表面张力对生物柴油中水射流不稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,在水-生物柴油系统中,提高水射流的速度或荷电电压,均能使界面波最大增长率增大,对应的最优波数也随之增加.水的黏度阻碍水射流的破碎雾化,而生物柴油黏度对水射流的破碎雾化却起着促进作用.水-生物柴油的界面张力越小,对液液静电雾化乳化过程越有利.在水-生物柴油液液静电雾化乳化实际应用过程中,除提高水射流速度和荷电电压外,提高水的温度同时尽可能地降低生物柴油的温度,可以形成粒径细小均匀离散相液滴,获得优质的生物柴油乳化燃油.     

影响负压反馈射流喷头水力性能的重要参数正交试验

为了探究影响负压反馈射流喷头水力性能的重要参数对水力性能的影响程度,并选出综合水力性能最优下的重要参数组合,首先设计了4因素3水平正交试验,并根据试验要求分别加工出3种长度(4.2,5.6,7.0 cm)的喷管、3种直径(3,4,5 mm)的喷嘴,以及射流进口宽×深为4 mm×8 mm、位差1.80 mm、侧壁夹角20...     

辐射板强化喷管换热与红外抑制效果试验研究

试验研究了在发动机喷管中加装金属辐射板前后,喷管壁面温度、热喷流温度与喷管红外辐射特征的变化。结果表明,加装金属辐射板后,热喷流与喷管壁面之间的热量传递显著增强,热喷流中心温度降低,壁面温度明显升高,在90°方向上,热喷流3～5μm波段的红外辐射强度降低了38.5%。文中从热喷流、喷管壁面以及金属辐射板等相关部件的温度变化情况对红外辐射强度的变化原因进行了解释。      

稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥实验研究

将滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥机应用于稻谷干燥,主要研究风温、风速及滚筒转速对稻谷干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响。结果表明:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥属于降速干燥,且风温对干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响显著,风速对发芽率影响明显,滚筒转速对干燥速率和干燥后稻谷的品质影响不显著。研究给出了合理的干燥工艺参数:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥较为合理的风温为60℃,风速为23m/s,滚筒转速为3. 5r/min。本研究为稻谷快速、优质干燥提供了一种新型的技术与装置支持。     

支管射流三通结构优化与试验

为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据.     

Impact of winter‐to‐spring environmental variability along the Kuroshio jet on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus)

Winter‐to‐spring variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) around the Kuroshio current system and its relationship to the survival rate (ln [recruit per spawning stock biomass], LNRPS) of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) were investigated based on a correlation analysis of data from 1980 to 1995. The data were from a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model using the ‘Kuroshio axis coordinates’, in which the meridional positions are relocated to a latitude relative to the Kuroshio axis at each longitude, rather than the geographically fixed coordinates. A significant positive (negative) correlation between LNRPS and winter MLD (winter–spring SST) was detected near the Kuroshio axis from areas south of Japan (where eggs are spawned) to the Kuroshio Extension (where larvae are transported). This result is in contrast to previous studies using geographically fixed coordinates, which showed a significant correlation predominantly in the area south of the Kuroshio Extension in winter, where at this time few larvae have been found. From the late 1980s to early 1990s, when the survival rate was remarkably low, MLD around the axis was shallow and SST was high. Although MLD and SST show a significant correlation, significant partial correlations were also observed between February MLD and LNRPS when the contribution of SST was excluded, and between March SST and LNRPS when the contribution of MLD was excluded. We presume that MLD shoaling reduced the nutrient supply from deep layers, resulting in less productivity in the spring, and SST warming could have a negative influence on larval growth.     

全圆旋转射流喷头设计与水力性能试验

为了提高农业节水灌溉效率,提出了一种全圆旋转射流喷头。确定了喷头的CFD数值模拟方法,选取深宽比、位差比、劈距比、侧壁倾角作为试验因素,以射流附壁切换频率和流量振幅为指标,通过正交试验得到了喷头内流道的优化结构。通过高速摄影技术对喷头的射流附壁切换频率进行测定,同时监测喷头的进口流量,结果表明,模拟所得的流量压力关系与试验结果基本一致,相对误差范围为2. 1%～4. 0%,射流附壁切换频率随进口压力的变化趋势基本相同,相对误差范围为7. 7%～22. 2%。当进口压力为0. 15、0. 20、0. 25 MPa时,分别研究了PY210A型摇臂式喷头和射流喷头的水力性能,其中射流喷头的流量较小(1. 19～1. 53 m3/h)、射程较远(13. 0～15. 7 m)、平均喷灌强度较小(2. 85～3. 63 mm/h),转动周期较短(81～105 s),摇臂式喷头的喷洒水量呈马鞍形分布,射程近处和远处的喷洒水量相对较大,射流喷头的喷洒水量呈三角形分布,喷洒水量随射程增加而减小。