内蒙古通辽市2011年7月15—16日强对流降水过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及数值预报产品等资料对2011年7月15—16日内蒙古通辽市出现的一次强对流降水天气过程进行了分析,结果表明,有利的大尺度环流、充沛的水汽条件、高空急流的存在、低空水汽的辐合、强的上升运动及不稳定能量的作用,是激发该次对流降水极为有利的因素。如果能通过对该次降水过程的总结,得出一些经验和指标,并应用于今后的预报工作当中,为今后的强对流降水预报提供参考依据,将会对提高预报准确率起到至关重要的作用。     

Indexes optimization of outburst forecast while a rock cross-cut coal is uncovered by pulsed water jet

To obtain the best outburst prediction index of rock cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,the effects of the rigidity coefficient’s measured value and the initial velocity of gas diffusion to the integrative indexes D and K are analyzed based on the dynamic evolution of coal crake field under water jet. Thus the integrative indexes D and K are excluded. A grey relation model of outburst prediction indexes(K1,S and P)from 7 coal mine’ rock cross-cut coal uncovering in Chongqing,Sichuan and Henan is set up. And the grey relation degrees of the 3 prediction indexes to outburst hazard are calculated by using grey relational analysis method. The results show that the outburst hazard can be more accurately reflected by the cuttings desorption index K1 when a cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,and it should be considered as the best outburst prediction index.     

稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥实验研究

将滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥机应用于稻谷干燥,主要研究风温、风速及滚筒转速对稻谷干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响。结果表明:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥属于降速干燥,且风温对干燥速率、发芽率和爆腰率的影响显著,风速对发芽率影响明显,滚筒转速对干燥速率和干燥后稻谷的品质影响不显著。研究给出了合理的干燥工艺参数:稻谷的滚筒式气体射流冲击干燥较为合理的风温为60℃,风速为23m/s,滚筒转速为3. 5r/min。本研究为稻谷快速、优质干燥提供了一种新型的技术与装置支持。     

湖北省一次暴雨落区预报偏大原因分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和EC等数值模式预报资料,分析了湖北省2017年6月23日暴雨到大暴雨天气过程,得出此次暴雨过程预报落区偏大、范围偏北的原因。此次过程的天气形势背景为发生在副高外围西南急流出口区左侧、切变线和风速涌线南侧的暖区暴雨,范围小、雨带集中;副高脊线偏西偏北,西南急流中心轴偏北偏东,急流北界偏南、偏西分量较大,不利于江汉平原到鄂东北出现大范围暴雨天气;过于信赖EC形势预报导致了此次暴雨预报出现偏差,暖区暴雨可多参考华东模式;当上下层西南急流都很强盛时,特别需要警惕在暴雨过程前期西南急流加强过程中可能出现的暖区暴雨。     

2012年春末内蒙古西部地区一次大到暴雨天气分析

本文利用常规气象观测资料,对2012 年5 月10 日发生在内蒙古西部地区的一次大到暴 雨天气过程进行分析,以期提高对春季大雨、暴雨天气的预报能力,实现防灾减灾的目的。     

Experimental study on landscape of CFRP cutting by abrasive water jet

To investigate the influence of operation parameters of abrasive water jet on surface roughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP),experimental studies were conducted.The three-dimensional landscape of cutting front was reconstructed according to the measured data byμscan laser confocal microscopy.Fourier spectral analysis was also adopted to study surface structure in detail.It is found that the morphology of cutting front is similar to that of other materials.In the smooth cutting zone,the fluctuation of amplitudes of surface profile is gentler,compared with that in the rough cutting zone.The lower part of the rough cutting zone was characterized by the periodical appearance of peaks and valleys.The roughness of surface increases with the increase of depth.While in the smooth cutting zone and part of rough cutting zone,roughness increases with the increase of traverse speed.For the thickness of samples,in the smooth cutting zone,the roughness increases with the increase of depth.The dominant harmonic component in the surface profile is concentrated in a narrow range from 0 to 10 Hz,and the relatively higher density of frequency from 10 to 50 Hz is shown in the rough cutting zone,which is caused by the interaction between perpendicular abrasive water jet and reflect jet.     

水砂射流冲蚀作用下临近燃气管道可靠性

为研究水砂射流冲蚀作用导致临近燃气管道的失效概率,分析了管材的临界应变与砂粒在管壁表面形成塑变脊的影响,推导出冲蚀磨损率预测方程。利用Fluent 软件模拟计算水管泄漏射流速度、冲蚀面积分布,并结合冲蚀磨损率预测方程构建冲蚀磨损速率方程。最后基于最小壁厚准则,建立了燃气管道失效概率的计算方法。研究结果表明:①通过临界间距判定分析,可获得不同水管内压、冲蚀时间下的临界间距;②增大水管内压、冲蚀时间、砂粒粒径,减少管道间距、管道壁厚均会导致燃气管道的失效概率增大,其中,管道间距对失效概率影响最为显著。研究结果可为失效场景定量风险评估以及水管与燃气管道并行敷设的间距设计提供参考。     

猪舍局部环境射流控制喷雾蒸发降温系统

利用局部环境射流控制喷雾蒸发降温系统解决了炎热季节开放型猪舍的降温问题,该系统将气流射流与水雾混合并使其均匀分布于猪栏内,利用水雾散发降低猪栏内局部控制区域环境的温度,初步生产性试验结果表明,该系统的使用有效地降低了猪栏区域内的温度,从而使猪群的生活环境得到改善。     

Impact of winter‐to‐spring environmental variability along the Kuroshio jet on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus)

Winter‐to‐spring variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) around the Kuroshio current system and its relationship to the survival rate (ln [recruit per spawning stock biomass], LNRPS) of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) were investigated based on a correlation analysis of data from 1980 to 1995. The data were from a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model using the ‘Kuroshio axis coordinates’, in which the meridional positions are relocated to a latitude relative to the Kuroshio axis at each longitude, rather than the geographically fixed coordinates. A significant positive (negative) correlation between LNRPS and winter MLD (winter–spring SST) was detected near the Kuroshio axis from areas south of Japan (where eggs are spawned) to the Kuroshio Extension (where larvae are transported). This result is in contrast to previous studies using geographically fixed coordinates, which showed a significant correlation predominantly in the area south of the Kuroshio Extension in winter, where at this time few larvae have been found. From the late 1980s to early 1990s, when the survival rate was remarkably low, MLD around the axis was shallow and SST was high. Although MLD and SST show a significant correlation, significant partial correlations were also observed between February MLD and LNRPS when the contribution of SST was excluded, and between March SST and LNRPS when the contribution of MLD was excluded. We presume that MLD shoaling reduced the nutrient supply from deep layers, resulting in less productivity in the spring, and SST warming could have a negative influence on larval growth.     

射流式鱼泵输送草鱼的性能研究

为了分析射流式鱼泵输送草鱼的性能及其损伤因素,文章设计了一台喉管直径为60 mm的射流式鱼泵,开展了草鱼输送实验,并采用高速摄影和计算流体力学方法进行了研究。结果显示,该射流式鱼泵在扬程2.24m时最高草鱼输送能力达918 kg·h~(-1),其所需水功率为2.83 k W。进一步的检测表明,部分实验鱼有鳞片脱落的情况,但未出现游泳异常,解剖后也未发现内脏受损等情况;实验鱼在过泵后呼吸频率及部分血液指标存在明显变化,但在24 h内基本可以恢复。数值模拟和高速摄影方法分析得出,剪切层是造成实验鱼泵内鳞片脱落的主要原因,撞击伤是由内流偏转诱导实验鱼撞击泵内壁面产生的,包含压力梯度在内的水力因素都可能使实验鱼产生应激反应。但由于鱼类在泵内时间极短,上述因素都不会致实验鱼死亡。