Temperature conditions in the Argentine chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fishing ground: implications for fishery management

We describe the seasonal migrations of Argentine chub mackerel ( Scomber japonicus ) into the fishing ground in relation to sea surface temperature conditions and analyse the temperature evolution during the fishing season on the basis of 1955–97 time-series. The upper temperature limit for the presence of schools was around 19°C. At higher values, most schools leave coastal waters (< 50 m) for the shelf. An inverse relationship was observed between catches per unit of effort (CPUE) of the inshore fishery and sea surface temperature. The highest standardized CPUE values corresponded to temperatures lower than 19°C. Above this temperature, the probability of obtaining a standardized CPUE higher than 1 was extremely low, and the standard deviations were minimal. The economic benefit from catches was also analysed through the different months of the fishing season. It was found that the mean benefit corresponding to temperatures lower than 19°C exceeded approximately 15 times that obtained at higher temperatures. A simple fishing strategy was proposed to the commercial fleet in order to improve the economic benefit of the catches. The migratory pattern followed by mackerel during the spawning period was also analysed in relationship to other environmental factors like food availability. Zooplankton composition, size structure and abundance in coastal and shelf waters are described, and their implications for feeding ecology of larvae and adults of the species are discussed.     

养殖刺参溃疡病杀鲑气单胞菌的分离、致病性及胞外产物特性分析

从患溃疡病的养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病灶处分离出1株优势菌H1,以浸浴、创伤浸浴、体腔注射和体壁肌肉注射等方式进行感染实验,证实菌株H1为养殖刺参溃疡病病原菌,并证明该菌通过体表创伤侵入的方式感染刺参,以创伤浸浴和体壁肌肉注射感染的LD50(半数致死量)分别为2.26×107CFU/尾和1.80×107CFU/尾。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析和mini API系统鉴定,确定菌株H1为杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种(Aeromonas salmonicida ma-soucida)。提取菌株H1的胞外产物(ECP)进行致病性实验,结果表明ECP可导致刺参死亡,其对刺参的LD50为5.24μg蛋白/g体质量。H1-ECP具有酪蛋白酶、明胶蛋白酶、几丁质酶和淀粉酶活性,并具有溶血素活性;对底物偶氮酪蛋白(Azocasin)作用的酶比活力可达到674.5活力单位/mg蛋白,最适作用温度为50℃;对热不稳定,70℃作用30 min时,酪蛋白酶活性降到0;100℃作用30 min,ECP对刺参的毒性消失;ECP酶活可被10 mmol/L EDTA完全抑制,可被5 mmol/L PMSF抑制98.8%,Ca2 和Mg2 可使酶活性分别提高约9%和4%。结论认为,该病原菌通过体表创伤侵入方式感染宿主刺参,菌株H1胞外产物是其对刺参致病的因子之一。     

刺参体内的新病原--一种球状病毒

2004年12月中下旬~2005年4月对辽宁沿海地区刺参越冬苗发病严重地区,进行了跟踪调查分析。调查结果显示,2004年刺参越冬苗发病比往年早,来势凶猛,持续时间长,流行面广,具较明显的流行病特征,病症异于往年,发病厂家达50%以上,部分地区超过80%,严重地区80%~90%;从患病参体内分离出2株优势细菌和一种新的球状病毒,经负染和超薄切片在电镜下观察,证实有大量球状病毒存于参体内。     

北海道黄杨叶片应答低温胁迫的蛋白质组分析

 采用双向电泳的蛋白质组学方法分析了北海道黄杨叶片蛋白质对低温胁迫的应答反应。北海道黄杨植株在室外种植，从2008年10月—2009年2月每月提取叶片总蛋白。在考马斯亮蓝染色的2-DE胶上发现36个表达量显著差异蛋白点，其中通过质谱鉴定出19个蛋白质，包括已知的和新鉴定的低温胁迫相关蛋白质。这些鉴定出的蛋白质涉及多个生理过程，如能量与代谢、调控、防御应答等，同时这些蛋白质的表达模式与生理生化变化模式相一致。     

大叶黄杨播种育苗技术研究

试验采用营养袋播种育苗方式进行大叶黄杨不同覆盖方式、不同基质的对比试验。结果表明:不同覆盖方式对大叶黄杨种子的发芽率具有极显著影响,以谷皮+塑料小拱棚的发芽率最高,达87.7%;不同基质对大叶黄杨播种苗的生长量具有极显著影响,以混合基质(黄心土∶粗河沙∶草木灰+0.5%钙镁磷肥=1∶1∶1+0.5%)最优,苗木平均高、地径、主根长度分别达14.5 cm、0.22 cm、19.0 cm,≥5 cmⅠ级侧根平均条数达3.6条/株。     

制备K700bp成探针与美意和平湖两品系西蜂RAPD-PCR扩增产物及它们基因组DNA分子杂交的研究

Ｋ７００ｂｐ 是高产蜜西蜂引物Ｋ（５’－ ＣＧＧＣＣＣＣＴＧＣ－ ３’） ，通过ＲＡＰＤ－ ＰＣＲ 扩增出来的一个特有ＤＮＡ 片段。然后将Ｋ７００ｂｐ 制备成探针再与高、低产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ 产物及它们的基因组进行杂交。结果Ｋ７００探针只与高产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ 产物及其基因组杂交，证明Ｋ７００ｂｐ 确实是高产蜜西蜂的一个特有ＤＮＡ 片段。     

多效唑对大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶小檗的抗旱性影响研究

采取盆栽控水法,研究多效唑对大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶小檗等绿篱植物抗旱性影响,以期为节水管理提供依据。结果表明:在干旱条件下,3种绿篱植物应用适宜浓度的多效唑可不同程度的增强抗旱性。单就抗旱性而言,大叶黄杨的适宜浓度范围为1.33~9.33 g/L,最佳浓度为6.67 g/L;金叶女贞和紫叶小檗适宜浓度均为1.33~4.00 g/L,最佳浓度为2.67 g/L。     

Comparison of defence ability against the white spot syndrome virus between Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus

The defence ability of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus against the intrusion of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was compared after injecting WSSV intramuscularly by recording cumulative mortality, diagnosing the virus and examining variations in immunological parameters including the total haemocyte counts (THCs), phagocytic percentage (PP), plasma protein concentration (PPC), phenoloxidase (PO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The results showed that the variations in the immunological parameters of F. chinensis and M. japonicus showed similar trends. The THCs of the two species decreased significantly postchallenge of WSSV. The virus was detected at 78 h in M. japonicus and at 42 h in F. chinensis after infection, which was in correlation with the accumulative mortality, and the variations in PO, PP, NOS and PPC in the two species. All shrimps of F. chinensis in the mortality experiment died within 66 h, much more quickly than M. japonicus, whose cumulative mortality reached 100% after 198 h. In conclusion, the immune system of M. japonicus has a stronger resistant ability to antagonize and endure the invasion of WSSV than that of F. chinensis.     

黄河三角洲地区鲈鱼越冬技术研究

根据海水盐度不同，其结冰点就不同的原理，进行了自然环境下鲈鱼大面积越冬试验，发现盐度越低，鲈鱼越冬成活率越高，最好将池水盐度控制在10以下，并指出越冬鱼种规格100－200g／尾为宜。