鲈鱼摩氏摩根菌的鉴定及药敏试验

从患病鲈鱼体内分离到1株优势菌LY2014,对其进行形态观察、生理生化试验、16SrDNA基因序列分析,同时采用Kriby-Bauer纸片扩散法进行耐药性分析。结果该菌为发酵型、具有动力的革兰阴性杆菌,根据生化试验结果初步确定该菌为摩氏摩根菌。以该菌的基因组为模板PCR扩增获得的16SrDNA序列长度为1 407bp(GenBank登入号为KJ830813)。该序列与GenBank数据库中摩氏摩根菌的16SrDNA基因序列相似性高达99%,系统进化树显示其与摩氏摩根菌亲缘关系最近,从而确定菌株LY2014为摩氏摩根菌。该菌株对磷霉素、菌必治和多黏霉素B高度敏感,对痢特灵、红霉素和诺氟沙星等5种药物中度敏感,对氨苄西林和氟苯尼考等11种药物耐药。     

Stocking effectiveness of hatchery-released kuruma prawns estimated by two-stage sampling of commercial catch in Ariake Sound, Japan

ABSTRACT:    To evaluate the stocking effectiveness of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus , a two-stage sampling survey of Gensiki bottom-drift-netters was carried out in Ariake Sound, Saga Prefecture, Japan. A total of 471 000 hatchery-produced juveniles, marked by cutting off the right uropods, was released. Thirty-three fishing days were randomly drawn from four boats, which were selected from the 80 boats operating in the fishery. All prawns caught on the selected days were examined, and the hatchery-produced individuals were identified by their regenerated uropods. A telephone survey of all boats was also conducted, to determine the number of fishing days. A total of 286 marked prawns were caught on the survey days for the Saga area in Ariake Sound, from the last half of July to the first half of September 2002. The recapture rate and standard error were estimated at 0.76 ± 0.52%. Economic efficiency was estimated at 0.28 ± 0.02. Strategies for sampling schemes and stock recovery are also discussed.     

灵山岛浅海岩礁区刺参增殖放流研究

１９９１－１９９２年在灵山岛西侧海区进行了刺参增殖放流试验。结果表明，笼播参苗在自然海区比较安全，参苗存活率为１０％左右。撒播参苗因短期内较骓适应自然海况，易被海流带走等多种因素，参苗存活率甚低。     

日本对虾仔虾的温度适宜性实验研究

日本对虾 (Penaeusjaponicus)仔虾体全长 (11 7± 1 0 )mm ,分别置于 2 4,2 0 ,18,16 ,14 5 ,13℃水槽中培养 ,经 10d观察的结果 :仔虾成活率与水温呈负相关 ,依次为 0 12 ,0 2 8,0 39,0 5 3,0 5 3,0 6 0 ;长度增长率与水温呈正相关 ,依次为 0 2 7,0 19,0 12 ,0 0 9,0 0 4,0 0 1。认为仔虾放流海区水温应 >16℃。     

超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺优化

【目的】优化超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺条件,为珠子参的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以珠子参根茎为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对多糖提取率的影响。【结果】影响超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的因素顺序为：料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间〉超声波功率,其最佳提取条件为：在料液比1∶10、提取温度60℃、提取功率90 W的条件下提取20 min,珠子参根茎多糖提取率为11.71%。【结论】超声波提取法具有提取时间短、提取率较高、操作简便、稳定性好等优点,是提取珠子参根茎多糖的有效方法。     

长江口花鲈的生长和食性

花鲈为沿海及河口的经济鱼类，亦可溯河生活于淡水。在长江口水域，花鲈属中型鱼类，其体长和体重的相关关系式为：Ｗ＝０．０６０５Ｌ＾２．６３４６（ｒ＝０．９８７８），生长方程为：Ｌｔ＝１００．９９５７［１－ｅ＾０．１７６８（ｔ＋０．７６３３）］，Ｗｔ＝１１５４２．２６［１－ｅ＾－１７６８（ｔ＋０．７６３３）］＾２．６３４６，体重生长拐点ｔｒ＝４．７龄，拐点处体重为３２８１．４克。早期幼鱼以浮游动物为食，     

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.     

乙酰甲喹对刺参幼参非特异性免疫、生长及抗应激能力的影响

选用初始体重为0.6 g左右的幼参,水体中分别添加0(对照组)、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和6.0 mg/L的乙酰甲喹。前69天每两天全部换水后,按照用药浓度泼洒药物一次。停药两周后经长途运输,考察其抗应激能力。实验结果表明:前30 d,各组刺参体壁中SOD酶活性都呈现增高趋势,2.0 mg/L组SOD活性达到最高,之后又呈现降低趋势;随着乙酰甲喹浓度的增加,各实验组刺参体壁中AKP和ACP酶活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,2.0 mg/L和4.0mg/L组刺参酶活性最高;40 d后各实验组刺参体壁酶活性逐渐与对照组持平。所有实验组刺参的末体重、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),4.0 mg/L组刺参末体重、增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05);4.0 mg/L组成活率为90.6%,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。高浓度(6.0 mg/L)的乙酰甲喹导致幼参抗应激能力差。综合以上分析,认为刺参保苗期间,乙酰甲喹的适宜添加量为2.0~4.0 mg/L。     

不同温度下刺参对有机沉积物的摄食与吸收

以常规实验生态方法,研究了不同温度下不同规格刺参对有机沉积物的摄食与吸收,在水温为13 2～22 3℃时,大、中、小3种规格刺参对有机沉积物平均摄食率[g/(g·h)]依次为0 00324,0 00648,0 00959,对有机沉积物平均吸收率依次为7 32%,13 49%,17 61%。温度为15 13℃时,大规格刺参的吸收率最高(15 32%);当温度上升到23 2℃,中、小两种规格刺参吸收率达最高(依次为23 56%、26 49%)。刺参对沉积物中有机物的吸收与利用,降低了水底有机物的含量,可有效抑制水体有害物质的积累及产生。