中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:RAPD指纹标记

用 4 8个具有丰富多态性的 10碱基随机引物对辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江和南流江的中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹的 6个群体进行RAPD分析。结果发现 :(1)两个引物具有群体特异性带 ,其中Z2扩增的 880bp片段为珠江蟹和南流江蟹群体中所特有 ,而 70 0bp片段为长江蟹、辽河蟹、黄河蟹和瓯江蟹所特有 ,可作为区别日本绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹的分子遗传标记 ;(2 )Opp17扩增的 94 7bp片段的出现频率 ,在长江、黄河和辽河群体显著地从南到北递减 ,长江蟹 87.50 %、黄河蟹4 1.66%、辽河蟹 10 .83%。这一遗传渐变的度量可作为区别这三个水系的中华绒螯蟹种群的判据 ;(3) 6水系群体内的平均遗传相似度依次为 :辽河蟹 0 .90 8>南流江蟹 0 .897>瓯江蟹和珠江蟹 0 .895>黄河蟹 0 .890 >长江蟹 0 .850 ;6群体间遗传距离及其UPGMA、NJ聚类分析进一步表明 ,南流江蟹、珠江蟹同长江蟹、辽河蟹及黄河蟹在基因组之间存在明显的歧化。     

低溶氧胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)氧化应激指标的影响

为探明低氧胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)抗氧化能力的影响以及刺参的低氧逆境响应机制,给低氧环境条件下的刺参养殖提供指导,本研究通过设置低氧胁迫实验,将刺参在水体低氧[(2.0±0.2) mg/L]8 h 处理后恢复常氧[(7.0±0.2) mg/L]2.5 h,取低氧和常氧不同时间段的刺参肌肉、呼吸树和消化道组织,对各组织的乳酸(LD)、丙二醛(MDA)和抗氧化酶系等应激参数进行测定和变化趋势分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,在低氧胁迫8 h 内,随着低氧暴露时间的延长,刺参肌肉、呼吸树和消化道等组织中的 LD 含量、抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活力显著上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著下降;肌肉组织中的 MDA 含量显著降低,呼吸树和消化道中的 MDA 含量显著上升。在恢复常氧阶段,各氧化应激指标逐渐恢复到正常水平。低氧胁迫使刺参的有氧代谢减弱,无氧代谢增强,以维持机体能量需求。低氧胁迫造成刺参机体各种应激生化指标上升或下降,这是机体为适应低氧环境刺激而作出的一种抗氧化策略。     

Inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers and their use for kinship estimation in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus

The allelic inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers was examined using seven copulated wild females and their offspring. Five microsatellite loci, CSPJ002 *, CSPJ010 *, CSPJ012 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 *, were used in the study. At almost all family/locus combinations, one sire was determined and distributions of genotypes in offspring were consistent with the Mendelian segregation ratio. Distributions of genotypes were consistent with the ratio after assuming a null allele at some loci. Consequently, the alleles of CSPJ002 * and CSPJ012 * were inherited following the Mendelian inheritance mode in every family; however, the null allele was expected in CSPJ010 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 * in some families. Thus, these loci should be used carefully in population genetic analysis, but siblings could be detected in the dendrograms based on unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPMGA).     

刺参中间培育及生长特性的研究

研究报道了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的中间培育技术及其生长特性。刺参在大棚水泥池内,采用地下海水源,全人工饵料,培育60天,参苗大小由1310头/kg长至322头/kg。重量由78kg增至305kg,成活率96.4%,饵料系数1.76。培育过程中2-3cm的幼参生长最快,长得很慢的“老头参”占4.3%。培育的基本环境条件:盐度24.795±0.015;温度14.6-15.2℃;溶氧(DO)多为6-9mg/L;pH值7.2-7.6;铵氮0.2mg/L以下。     

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。     

多糖和益生菌对暗纹东方纯免疫功能的调节

2003年春以来，山东、辽宁等地区养殖的仿刺参出现急性口围肿胀症，其症状是口围肿胀，体表溃烂，排脏，管足附着力下降，脱落沉至池底，死亡率较高。从病参口围、体表及体壁分离出优势菌10株，经人工感染试验证实其中菌株KW21、KW22、KW23、NB13和NB14是引起仿刺参出现急性口围肿胀症的病原菌。通过16S rRNA基因序列同源性及系统发育分析表明，菌株KW21为Mahnomonas dokdonens／s；菌株KW22和菌株NB13具有相近的亲缘关系，两者均与Vibrio splendidus有较高的相似性（99％，98％）；菌株KW23为Vibrio tapetis；菌株NB14为Vibrio sp．。5株病原菌均为革兰氏阴性菌，电镜下观察菌株KW21棒杆状；菌株KW22、KW23、NB13和NB14分别为杆状、弧状、卵圆形和卵圆形，且都具有单极生鞭毛。药物敏感性试验结果表明，诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和红霉素对5株菌均有较强的抑菌作用。Vibrio tapetis，Vibrio splendidus和Marinomonas dokdonensi作为仿刺参的病原菌属首次报道。     

Pb2+和Cd2 对刺参幼参的急性毒性及其富集

采用静水试验法,研究了Pb2+(0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)与Cd2+(0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)对刺参幼参的急性毒性,并分析了其在幼参体内的富集状况。研究表明,幼参死亡率随暴露时间和Pb2+、Cd2+浓度增加总体呈升高趋势,而附壁率则反之。暴露于两组低浓度Pb2+的幼参死亡率差异不显著(P0.05),其他组死亡率均随暴露时间和Pb2+浓度增加而显著升高;最高浓度组在72 h时死亡率已达100%,在24 h时其附壁率低至6.7%,与其他浓度组差异均显著(P0.01)。暴露于Cd2+的幼参在72 h后的死亡率比48 h内明显升高,96h时0.8 mg/L浓度组的幼参死亡率即达100%;暴露于Cd2+的幼参附壁率均较低。Pb2+和Cd2+对幼参的安全浓度分别为0.061、0.018 mg/L。随着水体中Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的增加,幼参体内的重金属含量和累积速率均呈升高趋势,但富集系数呈波动性变化,幼参对Cd2+的富集系数和累积速率均高于Pb2+。结果表明,Cd2+对幼参的急性毒性作用强于Pb2+,且幼参对Cd2+的富集能力明显强于Pb2+。本研究将为阐明刺参在生态环境修复中的作用提供理论依据,并为刺参健康养殖与食用安全提供重要参考。     

中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹_中华绒_省略__群体亲缘关系_RAPD指纹标记

用 4 8个具有丰富多态性的 10碱基随机引物对辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江和南流江的中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹的 6个群体进行RAPD分析。结果发现 :(1)两个引物具有群体特异性带 ,其中Z2扩增的 880bp片段为珠江蟹和南流江蟹群体中所特有 ,而 70 0bp片段为长江蟹、辽河蟹、黄河蟹和瓯江蟹所特有 ,可作为区别日本绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹的分子遗传标记 ;(2 )Opp17扩增的 94 7bp片段的出现频率 ,在长江、黄河和辽河群体显著地从南到北递减 ,长江蟹 87.50 %、黄河蟹4 1.66%、辽河蟹 10 .83%。这一遗传渐变的度量可作为区别这三个水系的中华绒螯蟹种群的判据 ;(3) 6水系群体内的平均遗传相似度依次为 :辽河蟹 0 .90 8>南流江蟹 0 .897>瓯江蟹和珠江蟹 0 .895>黄河蟹 0 .890 >长江蟹 0 .850 ;6群体间遗传距离及其UPGMA、NJ聚类分析进一步表明 ,南流江蟹、珠江蟹同长江蟹、辽河蟹及黄河蟹在基因组之间存在明显的歧化。 更多还原     

黄河口刺参苗种的盐度适宜性研究

通过设置不同的盐度梯度(20‰,25‰,30‰,35‰),对黄河三角洲地区养殖的刺参稚参在不同盐度下的生长状况进行了研究。结果表明,黄河三角洲地区刺参生长最适盐度范围在25‰~30‰。过高或过低的盐度对刺参生长产生影响的原因可能是:第一,在呼吸树的作用下,耗氧率增加以调节渗透压,消耗了能量,影响了刺参的生长;第二,刺参体内环境的改变影响了消化酶活性,进而影响刺参的摄食和消化。     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.