The effect of feeding three anabolic steroids in different combinations on the growth,food conversion efficiency and protein and nucleic acid levels of liver,kidney, brain and muscle of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A study on the effect of three different anabolic-androgenic steroids on the growth, food conversion efficiency and nucleic acid contents of liver, kidney, brain and muscle of carp,Cyprinus carpio was undertaken. The three steroids, methyltestosterone (MT), ethylestrenol (EE) and oxandrolone (ON), were fed in different combinations at final concentrations of 5 or 6 mg/kg diet for 60 days. No effect on the growth was observed in any of the experimental groups. A decrease in the specific growth rate (11–21%) and food conversion efficiency (20–29%) was noted. Feeding of drugs increased the cranio-somatic and reno-somatic index in all except one group. Hepatosomatic (ON+MT) and viscero-somatic (ON+MT; EE+MT+ON) indices decreased. Protein increased and RNA/DNA decreased in only one group while a decrease in protein/DNA was observed in the liver of all experimental groups. RNA/DNA increased and protein/RNA decreased only in one group while no effect was seen in protein and protein/DNA contents in any of the treated kidneys. Proteins, protein/RNA and protein/DNA decreased in certain groups in brain tissue. In muscle, no effect was seen in proteins or protein/DNA. Protein/RNA decreased in all but one group while RNA/DNA was higher only in the group fed all the three steroids together.     

The critical N dilution curve for linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is different from other C3 species

The objective was to determine the critical N dilution curve of linseed, which is the minimal total N concentration in shoots necessary to produce the maximal shoot dry matter, and to explain possible differences with other C3 species. One main experiment was carried out in 1998/1999 on winter linseed with four levels of fertilizer N. Two plant densities were also studied, the recommended one (600 seeds m⁻²) and the minimum for canopy closure (150 seeds m⁻²), in order to investigate the stability with plant density of the critical N dilution curve. Shoot dry weights (W_S) and shoot N contents expressed in percentage (N_S) were measured for the determination of the critical dilution curve, along with organ N percentages and relative weights. The results of four other experiments were used to validate the critical N dilution curve. Three of these four trials were conducted on winter linseed (one in 1996/1997 and two in 1997/1998) with five levels of fertilizer N, and one on spring linseed in 1999 with six levels of fertilizer N.

The critical N dilution curve of linseed was different from those of other C3 species. The curve was steeper, indicating a greater decrease in the critical shoot N concentration (N_SC) as the critical shoot dry weight (W_SC) increased. This linseed curve determined with the data of the main experiment was relevant when compared to the data of the four other experiments. Organ weight ratios and N concentration of organs were investigated in a fertilizer N treatment resulting in N_S close to the critical N values, N_SC. In this treatment, the decrease in N_S was the result of both a decrease in the N percentage of all organs and a decrease in the leaf weight ratio. The difference between linseed and other C3 species was mainly due to an acceleration of the dilution of N when leaf emission stopped and the flower bud emission began. At this stage of development, the leaf weight ratio of linseed was less than that of wheat, resulting in lower N_S. For a given W_S, no significant differences in N_S, organ N percentages nor organ weight ratios were observed between the two plant densities. This indicates that the difference between linseed and other C3 species could not result from very high plant densities in linseed. Hence, it is concluded that the linseed N accumulation in shoot is different from other C3 species.     

Stand dynamics and tree quality response to precommercial thinning in a northern hardwood forest of the Acadian forest region: 23 years of intermediate results

In the late 1980s, large forest companies began precommercial thinning (PCT) operations in young northern hardwood cutovers in New Brunswick, Canada. To provide supporting growth and yield information, an industrial experiment was established at residual stand densities of 1300, 1600, 1900, and 2200?stems?ha^?1. Stand responses were examined for measurements recorded at 0 (1987), 5 (1992), 10 (1997), 16 (2003), and 23 (2010) years after establishment. Average diameter at breast height, quadratic mean diameter, stand basal area, and stand total volume growth increased as stem density decreased from PCT. There were significant linear differences for many of these variables between treatments and time periods (year). No significant differences were detected in tree height between treatments. In 2010, the four PCT thinning treatments did not exhibit any differences in potential sawlogs at 2.4?m (8?ft) and 3.6?m (12?ft) lengths. Significant differences were observed for 4.9?m (16?ft) sawlogs that were produced at the least dense spacing (1300?stems?ha^?1). Results from this study and recommendations from the European literature suggest that value-added timber products may be produced from more intense PCT treatments than are currently being practiced on sites dominated by yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.).     

干润变性土次生碳酸盐稳定碳氧同位素特征的古环境意义

Pedogenic carbonates, found extensively in arid and semiarid regions, are important in revealing regional climatic and environmental changes as well as the carbon cycle. In addition, stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of pedogenic carbonates have been used to rebuild paleoecology (biomass and vegetation) and to estimate paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation during past geological time. By utilizing the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ¹³C) and (δ¹⁸O) of secondary nodules in Ustic Vertisols, this study looked into the climatic and environmental changes in the dry valleys of the Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, in southwestern China. The results showed that during the early Holocene, a warm-humid or hot-humid climate existed in the Yuanmou Basin, but since then fluctuations in climate have occurred, with a dry climate prevailing. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.92, n = 9) between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonates illustrated that there had been a continual shifting between cold-humid and warm-dry climates in southwestern China including the Yuanmou Basin since the early Holocene.     

释放不同益害比多异瓢虫对设施豇豆豆蚜的防效及定殖影响

设施豇豆生产中常遭受豆蚜Aphis craccivora (Koch)为害,蚜害可导致豇豆产量、品质下降等问题出现。多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)为豆蚜的重要天敌,在豇豆生产用温室内,按多异瓢虫和豆蚜益害比1:10、1:20、1:40、1:60及1:80比例分别释放多异瓢虫成虫;同时,设置未释放天敌对照区。调查豆蚜和多异瓢虫种群数量和结构动态变化,比较豆蚜虫口减退率、防治效果、多异瓢虫定殖率及种群增长率等指标,确定持续防治豆蚜的最佳益害比。结果表明,在按益害比1:10和1:20释放多异瓢虫5～35 d后,其对豆蚜防效可达90%以上;但防治后期多异瓢虫定殖率低,防治成本较高。按益害比1:80释放多异瓢虫3～7 d后,对豆蚜防效高于60%,释放后期防效持效期为7 d,防治后期瓢虫定殖率和种群定殖速度较高。益害比为1:60和1:80时防治后期防效低、持效期短,但定殖率高于其他益害比。益害比1:40则兼具防效好和定殖率高的特点,可持续控制设施豇豆豆蚜的为害,是最佳释放比例。推荐将1:40作为多异瓢虫防治豇豆上豆蚜的参考益害比。     

绵羊中草药饲料添加剂预试初报

为了帮助我国北方旱区或半干旱区绵羊度过草枯严寒的漫长冬、春季，开发研制一种能够提高现有草料利用率的绵羊中草药饲料添加剂。根据中兽医药学的辨证施治理论，采用小鼠日粮添加倍量秸秆粉和不同中草药复方的方法，在120只小鼠上进行了增重率和重料比的中草药复方的筛选研究。结果表明，以益气养血和消食健胃为主的两个中草药复方能够较好地改善小鼠的增重率和重料比。     

半胱胺对育成期水貂生长和饲料转化率的影响

选择健康育成期水貂208只,其中200只为试验组,8只为对照组,采用二因子试验设计:一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加量,分别按每千克体质量添加10、40、70、100、130 mg半胱胺;另一因子为半胱胺的不同添加间隔时间,分别为1、3、5、7、9 d 5个时间间隔.通过饲养试验研究了半胱胺对育成期水貂体质量增加、饲料转化率...     

异色瓢虫对胡萝卜微管蚜防治潜能评价

为明确异色瓢虫对胡萝卜微管蚜的防治效果潜能,本试验以芹菜为寄主植物,研究了异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜捕食功能反应和不同益害比的控害效果.结果表明胡萝卜微管蚜密度为40、80、120(头)时,异色瓢虫的捕食量成增大趋势且各组之间有显著性差异,当胡萝卜微管蚜的密度为160、200、240(头)时瓢虫的捕食量各组间无显著性差异.4龄异色瓢虫幼虫的取食量受胡萝卜微管蚜密度影响显著,且捕食功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型反应模型.4龄异色瓢虫幼虫的瞬时攻击率a'为1.1862,取食1头胡萝卜微管蚜所需时间(即处置时间Th)为0.004,4龄异色瓢虫幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜的最大捕食量为210.9头,瓢虫对蚜虫的搜索效应S=1+0.00474 N.益害比试验中得出4龄异色瓢虫幼虫对胡萝卜微管蚜捕食量符合二次回归方程,二次回归方程显示当胡萝卜微管蚜密度均为500时,随着异色瓢虫数量的增加,其捕食量成先增大后减少趋势,根据公式其最大捕食量为186.26,最佳益害比例为1∶83.本试验对利用异色瓢虫防治胡萝卜微管蚜具有一定的指导意义,以期为无公害芹菜种植提供有效的生物防治对策.     

野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸及氨基酸的影响

试验旨在探究野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸的影响。选取体重约20 kg的从江香猪40头,随机分为4个组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验前期试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别以野乔菜替代10%、20%和30%的基础日粮,试验后期分别用野乔菜替代20%、30%和40%的基础日粮。育肥期结束后,每组随机抽取3头屠宰,取背最长肌用于脂肪酸和氨基酸测定。结果显示:①野乔菜替代不同比例基础日粮对从江香猪肌肉脂肪酸含量有一定影响。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组亚油酸、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组亚麻酸、试验Ⅱ组花生二烯酸和试验Ⅰ组花生四烯酸分别提高了54.69%、43.57%、62.50%、25.00%和127.10%;各试验组中,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及必需脂肪酸(EFA)总含量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。②野乔菜替代部分基础日粮对氨基酸含量有一定影响。对照组天门冬氨酸显著低于试验Ⅰ(P<0.05)、极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01);试验Ⅲ组甘氨酸显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),且高于对照组(P>0.05),甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸含量分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05)和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组EAA/TAA显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。综上所述,野乔菜替代部分基础日粮能在一定程度上提高从江香猪肌肉PUFA和EFA含量,显著提高了部分氨基酸含量。     

华北落叶松人工林土壤微生物数量特征及其与土壤性质的关系

对河北省木兰围场华北落叶松人工林样地的土壤微生物数量、土壤理化性质以及二者之间的相关性进行了研究,结果表明:土壤深度和林分类型均显著影响土壤理化性质,随着土壤深度的增加,基本表现为:土壤含水量和土壤养分质量分数降低,土壤密度增大,落叶松白桦混交林的土壤齐分质量分数显著高于其他样地,表明针阔混交林有利于土壤养分的循环、转...