Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.     

施磷对限水灌溉小麦根冠及产量的影响研究

试验研究结果表明 ,盆栽限水灌溉时施P明显促进小麦幼穗、根系和株高的早期生长发育 ,而对叶片含水量和叶绿素含量的影响较小 ;施P明显提高小麦地上部干物质量和产量 ,且以限水处理效果最明显 ,提高了限水处理“温麦 6”根干物质量以及“温麦 6”和“冀麦 36”穗数     

Water Requirements of Safflower Entries in Middle Egypt

Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE.     

农业灌溉用水价格改革探讨

目前我国农业用水存在诸多问题，水资源供需矛盾十分突出。为此，通过我国水价变革情况、水价实施种类的分析，提出了农业灌溉用水价格调整的原则，以促进水资源的可持续开发和利用。     

宁夏灌区丰产桑园施肥技术研究

宁夏灌区丰产桑园施肥试验表明 6 6 7m2桑园施纯 N 5～ 2 5kg之间 ,产叶量随纯 N施入量的增加相应增加 ,同时 ,施入适量 K肥是非常必要的。另外 ,7月下旬到 8月中旬 ,分三次进行桑园叶面喷肥 ,不仅增加桑叶产量 ,而且能防止桑树秋后旺长而枝条不充实     

节水灌溉对水稻钾素营养的影响

研究了节水灌溉条件下、不同施肥制度水稻植树对钾的吸收状况。结果表明：灌溉方式和施肥制度对水稻钾的吸收状况均不会造成极显著的影响。节水灌溉能显著提高水稻植株含钾量。     

苹果滴灌应用研究进展与述评

滴灌在国外各主要苹果生产国相当普遍 ,在我国目前还处于事实上的尝试阶段 ,但这一灌溉技术已经展示出多方面的优势和应用前景。随着经济实力的增强、科技装备水平的提高 ,滴灌技术必将在我国的苹果产业中发挥作用。文中 ,作者以近 2 0年间国内外的科技文献为据 ,综述了滴灌技术在苹果生产中的应用及相关研究 ,并对今后在这一领域的科研方向提出了见解。     

特旱年旱地玉米限额补灌水肥效应分析

采用田间试验方法研究了旱地玉米限额补灌的水肥效应。结果表明，玉米小喇叭口期灌水675mm／hm2，平均增产玉米2171.5kg／hm2，增产率89．27％，灌水生产效率为3.217kg／mm;3种肥料的增产效果为N＞M＞P。未灌水条件下，3种肥料的增产效果为M＞P＞N。配合施用的增产效果为NPM＞NP。     

滴灌马铃薯生长及产量的影响

通过对不同灌水量及不同灌水间隔时间的马铃薯生长状况进行大田滴灌试验,研究马铃薯适宜的灌水定额及灌水周期,以求达到节水、增产的目的。试验结果表明:马铃薯滴灌时,灌水量越大,灌水周期越短,株高越高;茎粗开始衰减的时间比株高要早十几天,且衰减幅度比株高要大。灌水周期最短的处理茎粗却并不是最大,在180 m3/hm2的灌水定额下,灌水周期为5天的处理茎粗值最大。在相同的灌水量下,灌水间隔时间越短的处理马铃薯淀粉含量越高。灌水定额越小,灌水周期对产量的影响就越大;而当灌水定额一定时,灌水周期越短,产量越高;灌水定额为90 m3/hm2,灌水周期为3天的处理产量最高,为28 260 kg/hm2,比7天1灌的处理每公顷产量高出达10 350 kg。     

膜孔灌溉技术要素试验研究

根据膜孔灌溉大田灌水试验资料 ,分析了膜孔灌溉特点和灌水技术要素对膜孔灌灌水定额的影响 ,研究了单宽流量与开孔率与膜孔灌灌水定额的关系。研究成果为膜孔灌溉理论与技术的进一步研究奠定了基础