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991.
研究表明渗灌为棉株创造了良好的生长环境,促进了土壤团粒结构的形成,改善了土壤养分状况,铵态氮、硝态氮和速效磷等都有增加。渗灌田棉株体内蔗糖的含量远远高于漫灌田棉株。渗灌下的棉株生长稳健,根系发达,结铃多,产量增加20%—30%,比漫灌节约用水60%。 相似文献
992.
河西绿州灌区节水高产高效多熟轮作体系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在不同供水条件下,对河西绿州灌区6种多熟轮作方式进行了3年3区节水轮作体系的研究,结果表明,在一定范围内,轮作全周期总产量,水分生产效率随灌水量增多有增加的趋势,超过一定限度后,产量和WUE增加不明显;综合轮作体系产量效益,水效益及对土壤肥力状况的改善等因素,认为本区实现节水高产高效的最佳多熟轮作方式为油菜/马铃薯→小麦/马铃薯→玉米//大豆和小麦/甜菜→玉米/大豆→亚麻/马铃薯。 相似文献
993.
Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N1 (0.2 g N/kg), N2 (0.4 g N/kg), P1 (0.2 g P2O5/kg) and P2 (0.4 g P2O5/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (Kr), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased Kr, and Kr was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between Kr and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and Kr significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants. 相似文献
994.
Final fruit diameter is the prime determinant of sweet cherry fruit value. Previous research has shown that mesocarp cell size accounts predominantly for variability in final fruit size, within a genotype. Our research program evaluated the potential to improve sweet cherry fruit size/weight with growth regulators to affect cell division and/or cell expansion stages. In the current study we screened 8 plant growth regulators (PGRs), including cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxins, and their combinations for their ability to increase ‘Bing’ fruit weight. Each PGR was mixed in lanolin paste and applied to fruit pedicels at 9 or 30 days after full bloom (DAFB), to coincide with estimated peak in cell division and cell expansion activity, respectively. Several cytokinins applied 30 DAFB improved fruit weight significantly (ca. +15%) with N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine (mt-Topolin) at 100 mg l−1 being the most effective. Gibberellins, applied alone, improved fruit size and delayed fruit maturation and exocarp coloration. GA3 at 200 mg l−1 applied at 9 DAFB was the most effective and improved final fruit weight by 15%. Fifty-six percent of the fruit from this treatment were ≥9 g compared to 15% of similar weight fruit from untreated limbs. Both GA3 and GA4/7 treatments applied 9 DAFB increased fruit radial expansion. 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic auxin, also stimulated higher fruit growth rates at stage I and stage II, and fruit color development, but did not improve final fruit size. 相似文献
995.
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998.
Mariana García-Bolaños Cecilia Borgia Noemí Poblador Mamadou DiaOuld Mohamed Vadel Seyid Luciano Mateos 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(7):1141-1152
Irrigation plays a fundamental role in world food provision but, to date, it has performed below expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present study assesses and diagnoses the performance of 22 small and medium size community-managed irrigation schemes, mainly devoted to rice production, in different locations along the Mauritanian banks of the Lower Senegal River. The evaluations followed the Rapid Appraisal Process in which semi-structured interviews were held with representatives of the Cooperatives’ Boards in charge of each scheme to obtain information about the organisation of the cooperative, land tenure, irrigation system and organization, cropping pattern and soils. Additionally, for each irrigation scheme, the water-delivery service was characterized by making qualitative and comparative observations during field inspections; the pumping station's performance was diagnosed by a local specialist; the discharge at the head of the system was measured; daily irrigation time was recorded; and crop yields were determined by plot sampling. Then a set of performance indicators was computed. Water delivery capacity referred to irrigated areas was insufficient in a third of the schemes, and this insufficiency was exacerbated by poor maintenance. Irrigation intensity in habilitated areas was rather low being less than 0.66 in 50% of the schemes. The average productivity of land, irrigation water, and fuel (3.38 t ha−1, 0.30 kg m−3 and 2.37 kg kWh−1, respectively) were well below potential. 相似文献
999.
Rob M. Stevens Gordon Harvey Scott Norton William Frahn 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,101(1):62-70
Wetting plant foliage with saline irrigation increases the uptake of toxic ions Na+ and Cl−. Over three consecutive seasons, Colombard vines grafted on Ramsey rootstock were irrigated with saline water (EC 3.5 dS/m) by over-canopy sprinklers during any one of the first three of the four annual growth stages: bud burst to full bloom (treatment BB-FB), full bloom to veraison (treatment FB-V), and veraison to harvest (treatment V-H). At other times, vines received non-saline water (EC 0.5 dS/m) as did the control. Seasonal average soil salinities remained relatively constant over the trial. In contrast, the concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in one-year old wood and grape juice more than doubled. In treatments FB-V and V-H the average yield over the three seasons was reduced by up to 15%. Results were compared with those obtained in an earlier study which was undertaken in the same vineyard with the same treatments applied via dripper. With drippers, the maximum reduction in the average yield over three seasons was 2%. Saline sprinkling caused rises in Na+ and Cl− concentrations of fruit, leaf lamina and one-year-old wood that were at least 7-fold, 5-fold and 2-fold greater, respectively, than the rises caused by application of the same treatments with drip. Progressive seasonal rises in the concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in these tissues were due in part to carryover of salt added in previous seasons; with saline sprinkling the magnitude of these carryovers was 4-fold greater than those with saline drip irrigation. With saline water, vignerons can reduce losses by using irrigation systems which do not wet the foliage. 相似文献
1000.
基于无线传感器网络的丘陵果园灌溉控制系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为解决目前丘陵地区果树灌溉技术中存在的过度灌溉、浪费水资源等问题,以实现丘陵果园节水灌溉,结合无线传感器网络技术,设计开发了一种基于无线传感器网络的丘陵果园灌溉控制系统.系统以ATmega128L单片机为控制核心,由上位机、汇聚节点、无线传感器节点、土壤水分传感器和电磁阀等组成,其中土壤水分传感器和电磁阀连接到无线传感器节点上,汇聚节点与传感器节点之间数据采用无线方式进行传输,汇聚节点通过RS-232串口线与上位机相连.系统能实时监测葡萄土壤含水率的变化,根据土壤含水率来判断葡萄是否缺水,并发出灌溉指令实施对葡萄精确灌溉,系统实现了葡萄园灌溉的自动化控制.通过试验,选定25 cm深度的土壤含水率为灌溉启动监测量,启动灌溉的监测阈值设定为26.8%;选定50 cm深度的土壤含水率为灌溉停止监测量,系统停止灌溉的监测阈值为45.5%.试验表明:系统可以达到精确灌溉要求,结合葡萄的生存阈值可以实现节水灌溉. 相似文献