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101.
The logit technique is used to analyze the relationship between dichotomous reactions of satisfaction (satisfied/dissatisfied) with the irrigation system and certain independent variables. The result shows that five important variables — water availability on time, fertilizer availability, landholding size, farmers' participation in irrigation activities and location of farmland along the canal — significantly determine satisfaction. 相似文献
102.
The Turkish program of irrigationmanagement transfer has gained worldwidecelebrity for its speed and effectiveness. This paper describes the program brieflyand assesses its effectiveness from anational perspective. The assessmentincludes changes in staffing levels,operational costs, service fee levels, andcost recovery from farmers. A companionpaper examines impacts at the local leveland looks specifically at changes in systemperformance. 相似文献
103.
由排灌机械行业的现状 ,结合江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心 15年来举办培训班的实践 ,提出了培养一大批掌握现代科学技术的工程技术人员和高素质员工是促进排灌事业发展最直接、最有效的措施 ,而制定和完善岗位培训制度是这一措施规范化、制度化、科学化的保证。文章阐述了岗位培训的概念 ,对建立岗位培训制度的原则、框架和体系作了探讨。 相似文献
104.
灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的设计与研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了 1种灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的组成、功能和实现方法。系统利用田间传感器实时测量田间参数 ,通过网络传送给控制计算机 ,由控制计算机根据决策模型自动控泵房电机起停、渠首闸门启闭实现灌区内农田自动灌溉 ,系统具有实时控制、实时数据采集与保存 ,现场实时视频监视等功能。 相似文献
105.
本文将可靠性理论引入微灌系统灌水质量的评价中。因为微灌灌水均匀度或出流均匀度作为评价灌水质量的指标,它受许多具有不确定性因素的影响,文中分析了这些不确定因素在一定的概率分布条件下微灌单元灌水均匀度的保证率或可靠度。在文献的基础上分析了在一定坡度下,微灌系统均匀度的保证率计算。 相似文献
106.
Muhammad Nawaz Bhutta Muhammad Latif Jacob W. Kijne 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1991,5(3):229-247
This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a Karrees System (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended. 相似文献
107.
K.C.?Tarboton W.W.?WallenderEmail author N.S.?RaghuwanshiEmail author 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2004,18(3):255-273
The need for a better understanding of the interaction between irrigation practices and the elevation and quality of the water table is of paramount importance for developing irrigation management strategies to ameliorate the regional problems of elevated saline water tables in the San Joaquin Valley, California. An area of approximately 3000 ha which includes portions of the Diener Ranch and the adjacent University of California, Westside Research and Extension Center, located south of Five Points in the Westlands Water District on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley was chosen for extensive field measurements. Field work consisted of four main activities namely, field instrumentation, collection of records of field activities, periodic data collection, and analyses of field data. Field measurements of water table carried out during 1994 indicated that the water table elevation was sensitive to the irrigation practices. There was a general increase in the area with a water table close to the surface during the irrigation season, and a return to water table elevations similar to the starting conditions at the end of the season. During the study period, the surface water quality deteriorated more in areas irrigated with reuse water and persisted through the end of the season. Depth averaged electrical conductivity for the study area over 6.5 m decreased between December 1993 and December 1994. Vertical hydraulic gradients in the saturated zone, were found to be an order of magnitude larger than horizontal gradients. The direction of vertical gradients changed, with downward gradients following pre-irrigations and upward gradients later in the season, when crop water requirements increased. Based on the results of the field study, it can be concluded that the irrigation management practices have a direct effect on local water table response as well as on water quality. Therefore, irrigation practices that promote less deep percolation losses may be helpful in controlling the water table rise. 相似文献
108.
Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency. 相似文献
109.
J. P. G. Webster 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1989,3(3):211-215
This article describes developments in microcomputer and video-disc technology which may be used in the training of managers for irrigation projects. 相似文献
110.