Performance of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data for annual ryegrass

Poor irrigation management in pastures can lead to yield and quality reduction as well as loss of income through extra pumping and leaching of nitrate fertiliser. A number of irrigation scheduling techniques of varying levels of sophistication have been developed over the years to address limited irrigation water availability and maximise productivity. Despite this, the adoption of irrigation scheduling tools by farmers remains low. The objective of this study was to assess the use of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data to improve irrigation management in ryegrass. The calibrated Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was used to generate simple irrigation calendars and assess effectiveness for different scenarios by mechanistically simulating water dynamics and pasture growth. Scheduling irrigation using the calendars gave similar irrigation applications, water losses and yields compared to a more scientific real-time scheduling (in response to soil water depletion by the crop). While site-specific irrigation scheduling calendars can easily be generated by consultants and irrigators, even simpler monthly estimates of average daily water use can also be useful. Application of calendars by farmers is encouraged to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated pastures, if real-time irrigation scheduling is not employed.     

移动信息服务在农村地区初始采纳的实证研究

建设社会主义新农村是我国政府的重要任务,而新农村建设的关键任务之一是推进具有信息化特征的现代农业。在农村地区信息化背景下,研究驱动农村用户采纳移动信息服务的主要因素。根据使用移动信息服务的内部动机和外部动机,主要研究娱乐、信息、社会互动、长期在线和方便性等5个因素并建立了模型。根据实证数据验证了模型,最后得到了一些重要结论,反映了农村地区在移动信息服务采纳中的现状,可为电信部门推广农村业务提供帮助。     

大田土壤耕作层覆膜防渗灌溉栽培水稻研究

为了推广应用一种新的覆膜栽培水稻方法——覆膜防渗灌溉,对比分析了土壤耕作层覆膜防渗灌溉与常规灌溉条件下水稻的耗水量、水稻生长分蘖状况、水稻产量及土壤中氮磷钾营养元素的变化情况。结果表明,防渗灌溉能明显减少灌溉用水量,较常规灌溉节水9.54%。防渗灌溉可减少土壤中的肥力损失,能有效阻隔土壤中速效钾的淋溶损失。防渗灌溉与常规灌溉的耗水系数分别为711和786 kg/kg,灌耗比分别为0.5和0.6。防渗灌溉降低灌溉水在总耗水量中的比重,减少渗漏损失提高水分利用率。     

农业水利工程专业社会实践教学体系研究

结合四川农业大学农业水利工程专业多年实践教学中积累的研究经验,深刻分析大学生学习心理、社会需求以及专业教育中存在的问题,针对社会实践教育的主要问题,构建新形势下我国农业水利工程专业实践教育体系的新模式,成效显著。     

利辛县高效节水灌溉发展潜力及效益分析

通过对利辛县水资源、作物种植结构、灌溉型式及组成等进行分析,初步探讨该县发展高效节水灌溉的潜力及效益,从而为该县今后节水灌溉发展提供参考。     

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration by a multiple regression method based on weather forecast data

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration (ET ₀) is the basis of real-time irrigation scheduling. A multiple regression method for ET ₀ prediction based on its seasonal variation pattern and public weather forecast data was presented for application in East China. The forecasted maximum temperature (T _max), minimum temperature (T _min) and weather condition index (WCI) were adopted to calculate the correction coefficient by multilinear regression under five time-division regimes (10 days, monthly, seasonal, semi-annual and annual). The multiple regression method was tested for its feasibility for ET ₀ prediction using forecasted weather data as the input, and the monthly regime was selected as the most suitable. Average absolute error (AAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.395 and 0.522 mm d^?1, respectively. ET ₀ prediction errors increased linearly with the increase in temperature prediction error. A temperature error within 3 K is likely to result in acceptable ET ₀ predictions, with AAE and average absolute relative error (AARE) <0.142 mm d^?1 and 5.8%, respectively. However, one rank error in WCI results in a much larger error in ET ₀ prediction due to the high sensitivity of the correction coefficient to WCI and the large relative error in WCI caused by one rank deviation. Improving the accuracy of weather forecasts, especially for WCI prediction, is helpful in obtaining better estimations of ET ₀ based on public weather data.     

灌溉对心底土积盐层的溶解作用

1.心底土积盐层是引起土壤次生盐渍化不可忽略的原因土壤次生盐渍化是干旱、半干旱地区作物正常生长和发展农业生产的一个重要限制因素,综合目前的研究资料,人们对土壤次生盐渍化的发生和防治作了大量的研究工作,但对心底土积盐层与土壤次生盐渍化研究得较少,忽略了这个问题。正如罗赞诺夫指出:“人们往往忽略了土壤以及底土的原始含盐量在灌区土壤次生盐渍化中的作用,因此,我们愿意再一次强调指出,必须重视自然条件特别是土壤的原生盐渍化在次生盐渍化中的重大意义和作     

莫索湾垦区不同土质棉田的土壤水分及群体生理

通过对重壤土和沙壤土两个不同类型的棉田生长状况、植物生理状况和土壤水分状况及土壤温度的研究。结果表明,沙壤土的不保水性和高温使土壤很快变干,造成棉株蒸腾速率下降,气孔阻抗增加,气叶温差变小,形成热害,致使吐絮期提前,影响到了生长状况和经济产量。根据土壤质地造成的灌溉效果的差异,提出在重壤土地采用“大灌量、长周期”,沙壤土地采用“小灌量、短周期”因地配水的灌溉制度,是北疆棉区获得高产应当推行的水分管理技术措施。     

黄土地区影响土壤膨胀因素的研究

通过测定黄土高原地区几种土壤的膨胀率,探讨了不同质地、有机质、容重、Ca2 、干湿交替强度和次数对土壤膨胀率的影响,揭示了这些因素对土壤结构的影响程度。结果表明:土壤粘粒含量与土壤膨胀率呈显著正相关;有机质含量在质地差别不明显情况下,对土壤膨胀率也有极显著的作用与影响;容重对土壤膨胀率的影响是随着容重的增加土壤膨胀率也增加,增幅可达1.70%~30.22%;Ca2 对土壤膨胀起着重要的抑制作用。干湿交替强度显著地影响着土壤膨胀性,在40℃情况下快速干燥土壤的膨胀率较在30℃时干燥的土壤膨胀率显著增幅可达30.28%~81.20%;干湿交替次数对土壤膨胀率的作用表现为随着干湿交替次数的增加而增大,尤其以第一次干湿交替的破坏最为严重。     

浙江蚕区的变化及其发展趋势

本文根据《浙江省蚕桑生产区划》的蚕区划分,分析了各蚕区在浙江蚕桑生产持续发展、徘徊滑坡时的变化,及其变化的特点和原因;并分析了蚕区变化的趋势。