Aquacrop模型在北疆棉花生育期灌溉洗盐制度优化中的适用性

为明确Aquacrop模型在北疆棉田膜下滴灌和地下滴灌方式下生长和生产模拟的适用性，并探究棉田生育期最优灌溉洗盐制度，该研究以2020和2021年的田间试验数据对模型参数进行校正和验证，并用校正好的模型揭示3种灌溉水平（100%ETc、80%ETc、60%ETc，其中ETc为作物需水量）、3种淋洗总定额（0、120和240 mm）、3种灌水频率（5、7和10 d/次）和3种降水年型（湿润年、平水年、干旱年）对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响。结果表明，2021年所有处理的冠层覆盖度、地上生物量归一化均方根误差（normalized root mean square error, NRMSE）不大于20.998%，一致性指数d≥0.967，决定系数R²≥0.914，产量均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）、NRMSE、d和R²分别为0.389 t/hm²、6.797%、0.836和0.754，模型整体模拟效果良好。基于58 a气象数据的模型模拟表明：灌溉水平、淋洗定额、降水年型对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响显著，灌水频率的影响不显著；在平均土壤含盐量范围为12～18 g/kg的植棉区域，综合考虑产量、灌溉水生产力及实际生产情况，湿润年推荐80%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额，平水年和干旱年推荐100%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额；推荐延长灌水频率至10 d/次以减少灌水次数，节约成本。研究可以为Aquacrop模型在棉田中的应用积累经验，为农业水资源高效利用提供理论指导与技术支撑。     

旱区农业要大力推广喷灌与滴灌机械化

经过对喷灌与滴灌技术原理的探讨,提出旱区农业要发展推广喷灌和滴灌技术,并就喷灌与滴灌技术应用中的选型、配置、安装等方面的问题作分析。     

棉花超宽膜滴灌应用新技术

一些特殊的棉花杂交品系,因其为多式果枝且为单株优势较强的品种在子行的播种行距上可适当放宽,曝光面的宽度则要压缩。超宽膜滴灌既可以增温保苗,又可以保墒促苗,同时还能节水节地。棉花超宽膜滴灌技术的应用,会成为增产增效的良好平台。     

湖北宣恩烟区气候因素和烤烟质量特点分析

分析了湖北宣恩烟叶产区适宜种植烤烟的基本条件、气候因素和所产烟叶的质量特点,并与国外优质烟叶产区津巴布韦烤烟进行了比较,结果表明:该烟区具有无霜期长、大于10℃积温高、日均气温大于20℃的时间长等突出特点,达到了烤烟最适宜类型生长发育所要求的气候条件;宣恩烤烟颜色橘黄或柠檬黄,成熟度好,与津巴布韦烟叶外观质量相当;宣恩烟叶填充力较高,各化学成分含量较适宜,组成比例协调;感官评吸质量较好。     

实现农村信息化的理论与实证分析

笔者在对我国实现农村信息化的理论及必要性阐述的基础上，以四川省为背景，对农村广泛应用信息技术进行了实证分析。     

新农村建设中体育休闲的若干问题研究

发展新农村体育休闲是建设小康社会的一项不可忽视的内容,有助于提高农村人口素质和农民生活质量,推动乡风文明,保持社会的和谐稳定,但农村乡风文化背景、现有生产力水平、农民休闲意识及体育场馆设施是农村体育休闲发展的主要制约因素。通过加强农村体育休闲的宣传,树立体育服务的理念;建立有效的投入保障机制,改善农民体育休闲的结构;发展体育休闲文化,提升农民体育休闲的品位等,给未来农村体育休闲的建设性发展提出建议及对策,旨在为新农村体育休闲发展贡献一份力量。     

浅谈如何实现农业高效节约用水

主要介绍如何节约农业灌溉用水及提高用水效率的几种措施。     

特旱年旱地玉米限额补灌水肥效应分析

采用田间试验方法研究了旱地玉米限额补灌的水肥效应。结果表明，玉米小喇叭口期灌水675mm／hm2，平均增产玉米2171.5kg／hm2，增产率89．27％，灌水生产效率为3.217kg／mm;3种肥料的增产效果为N＞M＞P。未灌水条件下，3种肥料的增产效果为M＞P＞N。配合施用的增产效果为NPM＞NP。     

Water Requirements for Castor Oil Crop (Ricinus communis L.) in a Mediterranean Climate

A field study was conducted to assess the effect of irrigation on castor ( Ricinus communis L.) and to define the water requirements of the crop. Three irrigation regimes, corresponding to 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 fractions (kd) of the evapotranspiration (ETm) in the area were compared, factorially combined with the varieties Pronto and Negus in 1995. In 1996 and 1997 one more irrigation treatment corresponding to 0.75 of the ETm was included, and Negus was replaced by HD912. Irrigation was found necessary for castor production since seed and oil yields obtained with irrigation were much higher compared to yields of rainfed plants, and also castor could not be competitive to winter cereals in rainfed areas. In 1995 seed yield increased to kd = 1.0, but the response of both varieties was curvilinear. In 1996 kd = 0.50 was enough for the maximum yield by both varieties, while in 1997 higher amounts of water were needed (kd = 1.00 and 0.75 for Pronto and HD912, respectively). The beneficial effect of irrigation was mainly due to the increased number of secondary racemes. Oil yield was mainly determined by seed yield. Thus, the aim of the growers should be to increase the seed yield. The suggested amount of water for the irrigation of castor in the Northern Greece is equal to 75 % of the evapotranspiration of the plant in the area. With this amount the yield is satisfactory and the management of water resources is doing in a rational way.     

山区生态示范区建设的探索与实践——以四川省洪雅县为例

农村生态环境恶化、经济发展滞后一直是困扰山区可持续发展的难题。以洪雅县生态示范区为例,指出山区开展生态示范区建设存在的问题,结合山区的特点探讨了在山区建设生态示范区的途径。