Genetic analysis and molecular characterisation of laboratory and field mutants of Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) resistant to QoI fungicides

BACKGROUND: QoI fungicides, inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, are considered to be at high risk of resistance development. In several phytopathogenic fungi, resistance is caused by mutations (most frequently G143A) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. The genetic and molecular basis of QoI resistance were investigated in laboratory and field mutants of Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetz. exhibiting in vitro reduced sensitivity to trifloxystrobin. RESULTS: B. fuckeliana mutants highly resistant to trifloxystrobin were obtained in the laboratory by spontaneous mutations in wild‐type strains, or from naturally infected plants on a medium amended with 1–3 mg L^?1 trifloxystrobin and 2 mM salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase. No point mutations were detected, either in the complete nucleotide sequences of the cytb gene or in those of the aox and Rieske protein genes of laboratory mutants, whereas all field mutants carried the G143A mutation in the mitochondrial cytb gene. QoI resistance was always maternally inherited in ascospore progeny of sexual crosses of field mutants with sensitive reference strains. CONCLUSIONS: The G143A mutation in cytb gene is confirmed to be responsible for field resistance to QoIs in B. fuckeliana. Maternal inheritance of resistance to QoIs in progeny of sexual crosses confirmed that it is caused by extranuclear genetic determinants. In laboratory mutants the heteroplasmic state of mutated mitochondria could likely hamper the G143A detection, otherwise other gene(s) underlying different mechanisms of resistance could be involved. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

水稻空间诱变突变品系主要农艺经济性状分析

于2006年选用新稻11号干种子搭载实践八号返回式卫星进行处理,经多年南繁北育,对筛选出的10个高代突变品系农艺经济性状进行考察.结果表明,突变品系间产量存在显著差异,其中,XD11-6产量最高,比新稻11号(CK)增产8.52％.与对照相比,供试突变品系植株偏高.穗长变短,千粒质量偏高,精米率提高,生育期提前.简单和偏相关分析中分别有5对和2对性状相关性极显著.植株高度与穗长和千粒质量关系密切,而千粒质量更多受生育期的影响,表明空间诱变可望在株高、穗长、千粒质量、精米率及生育期等方面对水稻进行遗传改良.     

蝴蝶兰的育种现状研究

介绍了蝴蝶兰生物学性状,育种常用亲本及优良新品种,综述了常规杂交育种、组织培养、诱变育种和基因工程等蝴蝶兰育种的常用方法,并提出了存在的问题与建议,为促进我国蝴蝶兰产业的发展提供参考。     

芝麻粕降解菌株的筛选诱变及鉴定

从自然界筛选得到一株能够降解芝麻粕粗蛋白的菌株LQ,对其16S rRNA基因序列进行了测定,构建了分子系统发生树,分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性。结果表明:菌株LQ的16S rRNA基因序列长度为1 447 bp,与芽孢菌属等细菌的16SrRNA基因序列自然聚类,在检索出的芽孢杆菌序列中,该菌株与解淀粉芽孢杆菌的同源性达99%,为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。对菌株LQ进行紫外诱变,其蛋白酶活力587.3 U/mL。     

恩拉霉素高产菌株的快速选育

为筛选恩拉霉素高产菌株,降低生产成本,以生产用Streptomyces-483为出发菌株,进行紫外-氯化锂复合诱变。以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,用琼脂块法测定抑菌圈大小,筛选出84株突变株,经摇瓶初筛、复筛、5L发酵罐验证,最终获得4株高产突变株。筛选得到的4株高产突变株经稳定性考察完全适用于生产。     

高产红曲色素菌株的复合诱变选育

以红曲霉MAC-8(Monascus anka)为出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)、亚硝基胍(NTG)和60Co多重复合诱变,选育到一株生产特性有明显改善的变异菌株MACF6.发酵试验表明,菌株MACF6发酵液色阶平均达到242 U·mL-1,菌丝体色阶达1.09ⅹ104 U·g-1,分别比出发菌株MAC-8提高了22.8%和19.8%.连续传代试验表明该菌株在遗传上是稳定的.     

一个遗传性FXIII缺乏症家系的mRNA转录的表达

目的：观察F13基因缺陷对F13转录表达的影响,从而了解F13基因缺陷与F13功能不足的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR法对一个遗传性F13基因缺乏症家系的FXIIIA亚基mRNA转录表达水平进行分析。结果：家系不同成员中FXIIIA亚基mRNA的不同片段的转录水平存在差异。FXIIIA亚基mRNA片段l和片断2的水平在携带双重基因突变杂合子基因的先证者及其弟中明显低于在其父母中;FXIIIA亚基mRNA片段3的水平在整个家系中无明显差异。结论：复合杂合子基因中双重基因突变导致FXIIIA亚基mRNA转录表达异常．不能表达足量正常的FXIIIA亚基,导致FXIII缺乏症。     

GnRH依赖型性早熟遗传调控系统研究进展

性早熟在人类上表现为病理状态,而在家禽生产上则是一个具有重要经济价值的性状。人类性早熟调控机理的研究较为透彻,尤其是近年来全基因关联分析方法的应用,使得研究者对于性成熟启动相关新基因发掘及其调控网络的认识更加深入。论文综述了人类Gn-RH依赖型性早熟(GDPP)的5个基因调控系统,包括kisspeptin系统、γ-GABA系统、NPY和leptin系统、LIN28B系统和NKB系统的研究进展,为禽类早熟性状研究提供依据。