Evaluation of canine heat shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) as a candidate gene for primary cataracts in the Dachshund and the Entlebucher Mountain dog

OBJECTIVE: Testing of the cataract-causing insertion/deletion mutation in the canine HSF4 gene for its linkage and association with primary cataracts (CAT) in Dachshunds and Entlebucher Mountain dogs. MATERIALS: Exon 9 with flanking intronic regions of the canine HSF4 gene was sequenced in 24 Dachshunds and 20 Entlebucher Mountain dogs. The HSF4 cDNA sequence of lens tissue was analyzed in a CAT-unaffected mixed-breed dog and in three CAT-affected dogs of different breeds, including a Wire-haired Dachshund, a Dachshund-mix and a German Shepherd dog. RESULTS: In all dogs investigated here, the previously reported CAT-causing mutation did not exist. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 9, which was neither associated nor linked with the CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds. CONCLUSION: The CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds investigated here was not caused by the same mutation found to be associated with early-onset CAT in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and Boston Terrier. The intronic SNP may be useful to test HSF4 for linkage with CAT in further dog breeds.     

3株单抗对新城疫病毒HN抗原变异的分析

以新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota株为免疫原研制了3株针对NDVHN蛋白的单抗,分别命名为1E5、C3-B7和E6-F11。3株单抗与NDV不同毒株在血凝抑制试验(HI)、ELISA和病毒中和试验中的反应性不同,而同一株单抗与同一个NDV毒株在HI、ELISA以及病毒中和试验中的反应性一致。其中,单抗1E5与NDV标准株(LaSota、F48E8)、8个NDV分离株反应阳性,而与9个NDV分离株反应阴性;单抗C3-B7、E6-F11与所有NDV毒株反应均为阳性。结果表明,3株单抗均是针对HN蛋白上的中和位点,国内部分NDV流行株的HN抗原至少有1个抗原位点发生了变异。     

无核椪柑新品种——丽椪2号的选育

丽椪2号无核椪柑是有核或部分果实无核椪柑的芽变单株?闷分治藓寺蚀?98%,并且果形端正、扁平、平均单果质量140g左右,可溶性固形物含量11%,总糖9.0%,含酸量0.9%,可食率68%,风味浓,丰产性和商品性好、抗逆性强,果实耐贮藏。适宜种植范围为浙江及全国类似地区的有核椪柑适栽区。     

陇东肉牛PON1基因结构与功能的生物信息学分析

为阐明陇东肉牛对氧磷酶1（paraoxonase 1,PON1）基因的结构与功能,本研究运用PCR扩增陇东肉牛PON1基因所有外显子序列并测序,通过Seqman软件完成序列拼接,结合生物信息学方法预测和分析其碱基组成、开放阅读框及编码蛋白的理化性质、原子组成、氨基酸残基数、亲水性和疏水性、分子质量、等电点、二级结构、高级结构等。结果显示,陇东肉牛PON1基因CDS区序列全长1 068 bp,编码355个氨基酸残基,其中数目最多的为亮氨酸（Leu）,数目最少的为半胱氨酸和色氨酸（Cys和Trp）。碱基组成中A+T含量（56.55%）高于G+C含量（43.26%）。与GenBank中牛PON1基因序列（登录号：EU289337）比对分析发现,在PON1基因外显子4、6、8、9中存在突变,但均未导致氨基酸发生变化,为同义突变。PON1蛋白的原子组成是C₁₈₁₀H₂₇₉₆N₄₅₄O₅₃₃S₁₂,分子质量为39.83 ku,理论等电点为5.24,为稳定的水溶性蛋白质。PON1蛋白二级结构中无规则卷曲、延展链、α-螺旋和β-转角分别由159、116、55和25个氨基酸构成,最终形成了以无规则卷曲和延展链为主的混合型。PON1蛋白的疏水性结果表明,第8位苏氨酸（Thr）疏水性最强（最高分值2.878）,第299位脯氨酸（Pro）亲水性最强（最低分值-2.222）。本试验结果为深入研究陇东肉牛PON1蛋白功能及探讨PON1基因突变对甘肃地方肉牛胴体、肉质性状的影响奠定基础。     

月季新品种‘燕妮’、‘绿野’和‘哈雷彗星’

‘燕妮’,月季切花品种,花橙粉色,淡香,单株年产切花量约20枝。‘绿野’和‘哈雷彗星’,庭院绿化月季品种,生长势旺盛,花期长,抗逆性强。‘绿野’花重瓣,浅黄转浅绿色,盘状;‘哈雷彗星’花重瓣,复色,初放时为金黄色,日晒后产生红晕。     

茶树阶段性返白现象的研究——RuBP羧化酶与蛋白酶的变化

安吉白茶（Camellia sinensis）是具有阶段性返白现象的温敏突变体。利用SDS-PAGE电泳分析了返白和复绿过程中各阶段叶片可溶性蛋白组分,尤其是RuBP羧化酶大、小亚基的变化,并利用同位素法测定了此过程中RuBP羧化酶活性的变化。利用内源基质法测定了蛋白酶活性的变化,并分析了其变化与蛋白质源库代谢、叶绿素变化之间的相关性。发现安吉白茶在返白与复绿过程中叶片可溶性蛋白的主要变化是RuBP羧化酶大、小亚基含量上的差异,这种差异与RuBP羧化酶活性的变化是相一致的。同时返白阶段蛋白酶活性较高,可溶性蛋白含量降低,是造成游离氨基酸总量明显积累的直接原因。     

不同早籼基因型水稻的空间诱变效应研究

本研究结果表明 ,空间搭载种子的发芽率、存苗率和结实率除迟熟品种外均低于对照 ,对秧苗的生长表现出刺激和抑制两种作用 ,生理损伤比地面γ射线处理的轻得多。空间搭载对杂种 1代处理的SP2 代单株有效分蘖的分离具有一定的稳定作用。SP2 代在株高、分蘖和抽穗期等性状上出现了较大的分离 ,突变频率和诱变效率因不同基因型材料差异较大 ,而且一些性状的突变具有一定的方向性。在空间处理的SP2 代就出现较多综合性状优良的突变体 ,可望直接育成新品种     

太空搭载结合离子注入进行白莲诱变育种的研究

3年的试验观察表明 ,离子注入经太空诱变的白莲种子育出的花型由单瓣变为半重瓣、重瓣花 ;花色由红色变成粉红、爪红色 ;莲蓬、莲籽变异出多种形状 ;始蕾期比对照提前 5～2 1d ,末蕾期延迟到 9月下旬 ;单缸现蕾数高达 1 4朵 ,1m2 小区现蕾 2 1朵 ;单株平均每蓬实粒数最多的为 2 1 6粒 ,铁莲子最大粒重达 2 0 2g ,鲜壳莲子最大粒重达 5 0g ,上述性状变异是常规育种方法少见的     

合子期化学诱变在作物育种中的应用

本文综述了作物在合子期进行化学诱变育种的研究着重介绍诱变处理的时期、处理的技术方法和应用效果。     

Is acetyl/butyrylcholine specificity a marker for insecticide‐resistance mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase?

Substrate specificity has been widely studied in vertebrate cholinesterases and it has been shown that two phenylalanines in the acyl pocket of acetylcholinesterase govern the acceptance of the acetyl/butyryl moiety of the choline esters. As an insecticide‐resistance mutation has been evidenced in the acyl pocket of Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica acetylcholinesterase we investigated the possibility of linking changes in acetyl/butyrylthiocholine specificity with mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase. We thus analyzed the effect of 28 mutations in Drosophila enzyme on acetyl/butyrylthiocholine, N‐methyl/N‐propyl‐carbamates and ethyl/methyl‐paraoxon preference. It appeared that the highest changes on acetyl/butyrylthiocholine and N‐propyl/N‐methyl‐carbamates preference were due to mutations in the acyl pocket. Nevertheless, other insecticide‐resistance mutations, not located in the acyl pocket, also modified these substrate preferences. Moreover, the effect of mutations in the acyl pocket was hidden when some other insecticide‐resistance mutations were combined in the enzyme. Consequently, acetyl/butyrylthiocholine preference alteration cannot be used as a marker to localize a mutation in the insect AChE. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry