日本囊对虾野生群体杂合性的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了日本囊对虾9个野生群体10种等位酶的杂合子缺失及过量状况．在所研究的22个位点中有5个位点（Sod-1、Est-1、Est-2、Amy-3、Mdh-1）是多态位点．汕头群体的Est-2,北海群体的Mdh-1和Sod-1,湄洲群体的Mdh-1,连江群体的Sod-1和漳浦群体的Mdh-1位点符合H—W平衡标准（P〉0．05）;其余的多态位点均显著或极其显著地偏离H—W平衡标准（0．01〈P〈0．05或P〈0．01）．另外,日本囊对虾9个群体的Est-2位点均表现出杂合子缺失（F〉0）;Amy-3和Est-1（除了泉州群体的Est-1）位点均表现出杂合子过量（F〈0）．研究表明日本囊对虾野生资源杂合性状况较好．     

四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区水体铁元素的分布特征

铁是水质监测的重要指标。为了弄清四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区不同水环境中铁的形态和含量、浅层潜水的季节动态及其形成原因,为该区土、水资源合理利用提供一定参考,于不同时期在四川省名山县漂洗土壤区采集潜水、池塘水、稻田和茶园沟渠地表水、土壤孔隙水及相应的土壤样品,分析了其铁的形态和含量及相应的理化性质。结果表明,从潜水和土壤孔隙水来看,潜水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为0.30、0.08mg·L^-1）均为最低,稻田孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为2.92、1.13mg·L^-1）均为最高,茶园孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（3a生以下茶园分别为1.25、0.92mg·L^-1,6a生以上茶园分别为2.66、0.65mg·L^-1）居中;就稻田和茶园的土壤孔隙水与沟渠地表水比较而言,孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量总体上高于沟渠地表水相应的总铁和亚铁含量;潜水总铁和亚铁含量分别变动在0~0.86mg·L^-1和0~0.36mg·L^-1之间,其季节动态在不同区域间存在一定差异,与其所处地形部位及地表径流条件、离居民房屋和畜禽圈舍远近、土壤pH、有机质和铁元素的形态和含量、土地利用方式及作物种植年限、天气状况及水井自身氧化还原电位等条件有关。     

沃柑黄化原因分析及其对策

沃柑(Orah)是“坦普尔”桔橙与“丹西”红桔的杂交种,由于其在广西武鸣等地三年生栽培的优异表现,近年来在广西、重庆、四川、云南等地快速推广,种植面积超过1.3万hm2,但在生产实践中也出现了一些问题,如出现叶片黄化、感染溃疡病等.其叶片黄化原因主要为生理性障碍和病虫危害两大类,笔者就其原因进行分析并提出对策.     

Intensification of arsenic toxicity to paddy rice by hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of arsenic to paddy rice was examined by the pot culture method using Utsunomiya grey lowland soil which had received nutrient salts including ammonium sulfate with or without additional rice straw powder as a reducing agent.

By treatment with 50 ppm of arsenic and straw, plant growth was retarded from the beginning of culture, and about 6 weeks later, at the middle of July, small reddish black spots emerged near the tips of expanded green leaves. The spots then increased and spread over the whole leaves resulting in bronzing and final dieback in about the mid-August. On treatment with higher concentrations of arsenic and straw, the plants were more severely injured and died through bronzing at earlier stages. All such dead plants were found to have accumulated abnormally high iron in their leaf tissues. On treatment with lower concentrations of arsenic and straw or in the case of higher arsenic without straw, plant growth and grain yield were reduced with the occurrence of partial bronzing or oranging of leaves and the iron content of the plants was somewhat increased.

These results indicate that arsenic may induce ferrous iron toxicity which intensifies the toxicity of arsenic to paddy rice.     

Response of Sorghum to Abiotic Stresses: A Review

Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivars.     

肺气虚证小鼠模型造模方法及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为筛选肺气虚证小鼠模型最佳造模方法并验证其免疫功能变化,分别选用SO2法、SO2＋寒冷因素刺激法、香烟烟熏法和香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法重建肺气虚证小鼠模型,检测其体重、肺脏剖检及病理组织变化等指标,筛选最佳造模方法,并测定其腹腔巨噬细胞活性、体外B细胞抗体分泌能力、血清NO含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量、肺匀浆中sIgA、sIgM水平。结果显示,香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法小鼠造模完成后出现严重的肺出血、肺组织坏死及炎性细胞浸润等病变,且与对照组小鼠相比,其体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数分别显著下降18．35％,37．12％,19．69％,肺脏指数显著升高12．73％;小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性（P＜0．01）、血清NO水平下降（P＜0．05）;T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力显著升高;细胞因子IL-2（P＜0．01）、IFN-γ、IL-4含量升高（P＜0．05）,IL-6含量下降（P＜0．05）;sIgA、sIgM水平均极显著升高。表明,香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法是肺气虚小鼠模型最佳造模方法,且其免疫功能受损。     

Hepatic lipidosis: Liver characteristics and acute phase proteins in affected turkeys

The hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys is a disease has been known for a long time, but the cause and pathogenesis is still not clarified. A recent study reported unexplained high levels of iron in liver tissue of fattening turkeys suffering from HL. In this study, the iron status, possible infectious or inflammatory influences in form of an acute phase reaction and the analysis of fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of turkeys affected by HL were examined. Three cases of HL on three different fattening turkey farms were investigated during the outbreak of the disease. Clinically affected and non-affected animals were subjected to a pathological examination, where the diagnosis HL or non-affected was made. In total, 70 birds were examined (40 with HL, 30 without HL) and blood and liver samples were taken. Additionally, samples from 15 slaughtered birds were taken as a further control group. In liver tissue, the iron content and the content of long-chain fatty acids were determined; in blood samples, ferritin and transferrin were measured. The iron content in liver tissue was more than three times higher for animals with HL than among non-affected animals and the control group. The transferrin levels were lowest for animals with HL, highest in the control group and in between for non-affected animals. The fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of affected animals indicated a shift from polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control group and the non-affected animals. Overall, the non-affected animals of a flock affected by HL were similar to the healthy animals of the abattoir. The low acute phase protein levels for animals with HL together with high iron contents could indicate a previous malnutrition/starvation period and/or severe liver damage for those animals suffering from HL.     

不同铁源对新西兰肉兔生长性能、血清指标及组织器官铁沉积的影响

为研究饲粮中添加硫酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、甘氨酸铁络合物和氨基酸铁络合物对新西兰肉兔生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及肝脏和肾脏铁沉积的影响,试验选用35日龄断奶、体重相近的新西兰肉兔192只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复6只兔.对照组铁源及水平为一水硫酸亚铁100 mg/kg,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组铁源及水平分别为富...     

富铁酵母对家兔红细胞免疫功能的影响

为探讨富铁酵母对家兔红细胞免疫功能的影响,将32只家免随机分成富铁酵母高、低剂量组,FeSO4组及空白对照组,分别灌服富铁酵母(Fe元素8 mg/kg、4 mg/kg)、FeSO4(Fe元素4 mg/kg)及空白生理盐水;连续5 d后,检测红细胞C3g受体花环率和复合物(IC)花环率.结果:富铁酵母较FeSO4及空白组能显著提高红细胞C3h受体花环和红细胞复合物(IC)花环的百分率,但高、低剂量间无显著性差异.结论:富铁酵母能显著提高红细胞免疫功能.