大豆饲料产品中主要抗营养因子含量的检测与分析

本试验旨在应用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法以及色谱法测定不同加工工艺的大豆饲料产品中主要大豆抗营养因子大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子以及大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的含量。采用ELISA试剂盒对国内257份大豆制品中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行检测与分析;利用离子色谱建立了大豆产品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的灵敏、准确的同步测定法,并对国内92份大豆制品中寡糖含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相对较低;本试验所建立的离子色谱同步测定大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的方法具有灵敏度和准确性高、重现性好的优点,适用于大豆寡糖的测定;通过对实际样品的检测和分析,发现发酵豆粕和大豆分离蛋白中3种大豆寡糖含量均相对较低。本试验所得到不同加工工艺的大豆产品中主要抗营养因子含量的相关数据将为大豆在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供很好的技术支撑。     

Studies on Normal Haematological and Serum Biochemical Values of the ‘Hijin’ Racing Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kuwait

Haematological estimations and serum biochemical analyses were made on 100 samples collected from clinically healthy Hijin racing camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kuwait. The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total white blood cell counts were estimated. In the serum biochemical analyses, sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations were measured, as were the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, -glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The results are discussed in relation to other findings reported in camels.     

动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展

头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。     

HPLC-DAD-MSn 法分析恩诺沙星在兔血浆中的代谢产物

采用HPLC-DAD-MSn法对兔肌注恩诺沙星给药后血浆中恩诺沙星和代谢产物的紫外光谱和质谱裂解行为进行分析,获得各化合物的光谱和多级质谱信息。比较给药前后兔血浆的DAD检测色谱图,发现6个可能的代谢产物M1……M6。根据化合物结构和质谱裂解途径及标准品的色谱保留时间,确定M3为环丙沙星,并推测M5可能为加氧恩诺沙星;M4获得一级质谱数据和紫外光谱数据;M1、M2和M6仅得到紫外光谱数据。推测恩诺沙星在兔体内的主要代谢反应是脱乙基反应和氧化反应。     

Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females. Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.     

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT,ANTIVIRAL STUDIES,FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT NK0238

• Developed a two-step synthetic route to anti-plant-virus candidate NK0238. • NK0238 exhibited a broad antivirus spectrum in greenhouse. • NK0238 showed comparable antivirus activities as controls in field trials. • NK0238 was safe to birds, fish, bees and silkworms. • NK0238 has a very good prospect in commercial development. It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.     

复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性观察

目的：观察复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性。方法：32只巴马小型猪随机分为低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、对照组4组,每组8只。每日涂药1次,封包6h,连续8周,比较给药前后的动物外观体征、活动状态、体重增加、脏器系数、血液学常规、血液生化学、清晨血清皮质醇浓度,以及皮肤和内脏的病理改变。结果：低、中、高三种剂量对实验动物血液学常规、血液生化学、外观体征、活动状态,体重增加、脏器系数均无不良影响,涂药部位皮肤和心、肝,肾,肺、胃未见异常。但涂药部位肾上腺皮肤萎缩,血清皮质醇浓度下降,其程度随剂量和疗程增加而加强,停药2周后上述改变均可自行恢复。结论：丙酸氯倍他索引起毒性的靶器官是肾上腺皮质和涂药部位皮肤,剂量增加、时间延长其不良反应也增强,停药后可自行恢复。     

pH 值与金属离子浓度对多种果蔬植物色素的影响

从植物中提取的天然色素对pH值与金属离子浓度的敏感度不同,所受影响也不同。主要选取黄皮果皮色素、赤豆皮色素、柑桔皮色素、勾儿茶果、红雪茶色素,来测定pH值对它们的影响。选取,黄皮果皮色素、赤豆皮色素、勾儿茶果色素、红雪茶色素来测定金属离子浓度对他们的影响,从而探讨这些色素对pH值与金属离子的稳定性。     

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。