饲用黄丝藻粉的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

试验旨在通过研究黄丝藻粉对大鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验,初步评价其饲用安全性。5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉灌胃给予Wistar大鼠进行急性毒性试验;黄丝藻粉按0、1 250、2 500、5 000 mg/kg 添加于饲料中饲喂大鼠,进行90 d亚慢性毒性试验。每周称量大鼠体重与饲料消耗,分别于喂养 45、90 d 时剖检,进行血常规和血液生化指标检测,计算脏器系数,并对主要脏器进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉给予大鼠均未出现死亡,LD₅₀>5 000 mg/kg体重,根据WHO对化学物质的毒性评级,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质。亚慢性毒性试验中,高、中、低剂量黄丝藻粉饲喂大鼠90 d后平均饲料消耗、体增重、脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各处理组血常规指标、低剂量组血液生化指标与正常对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组除血液总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）外,其他血液生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组总胆固醇和甘油三酯均在大鼠正常生化指标范围内;解剖及主要脏器HE染色检查均未发现明显变化。试验结果表明,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质;5 000 mg/kg添加剂量喂养大鼠90 d,未观察到明显的有害作用,有望在动物饲料中添加应用。     

紫露草花色形成的机理分析

运用测色法、组织切片法、电感耦合、等离子体质谱及高效液相色谱等植物成分分析方法,对单子叶植物紫露草（Tradescantia albiflora）花色形成的化学基础进行研究。结果表明,紫露草花瓣颜色属于蓝紫色系（Violet group N88B）;色素物质主要积累于近轴面和远轴面的表皮层,深度20～30 μm,且表皮细胞呈略扁平的长方形;紫露草花瓣中Ca元素含量极丰富（5 120.89 μg·g-1）,其次是Mg元素（2 360.71 μg·g-1）;主要成色色素为矢车菊素(6.671 1 mg·g-1)和飞燕草素(0.674 4 mg·g-1);主要黄酮醇类物质是山奈酚(0.327 2 mg·g-1)。本研究表明,紫露草蓝紫色花的形成可能与二价金属元素Ca、Mg与飞燕草色素及矢车菊色素螯合有关。     

胆翘注射液急性和亚慢性毒性试验

旨在评价胆翘注射液的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。以昆明小鼠为研究对象,进行急性和亚慢性毒性试验。在急性毒性试验中,给予小鼠不同浓度的胆翘注射液来测定胆翘注射液的半数致死量和最大耐受量;在亚慢性毒性试验中,小鼠以(10、5、2.5g/kg)不同剂量连续腹腔注射给药28d,在给药第28天观察小鼠的临床体征、体重及饲料利用率、血常规、血液生化指标和病理组织学变化。结果显示,急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均无死亡,无法测出LD_(50),最大耐受量为20g/kg。亚慢性毒性试验中用药组小鼠的临床体征、体重及饲料利用率、血常规、血液生化指标与空白组小鼠相比,无显著差异(P0.05),组织病理学观察,实质器官无异常病变。表明胆翘注射液实际无毒,安全性好。     

不同植被覆盖盐碱地碱化特征及养分状况

为进行区域耕地保护和质量提升,增加耕地数量,合理开发利用长期处于荒废状态的盐碱地势在必行。本研究采用常规经典的测试方法,对西辽河流域8种植被覆盖盐碱地土壤0-5、5-15、15-30和30-50cm剖面层的土壤有机质、速效养分、碱化特征及离子组成进行了分析。结果表明,不同植被覆盖盐碱地养分含量均不同,玉米(Zea mays)地、羊草(Leymus chinensis)+狗尾草(Setaria viridis)草地的有机质、速效养分含量较高;虎尾草(Chloris virgata)草地、裸地、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)地的养分含量相近且极显著低于玉米地和羊草+狗尾草草地的养分含量(P0.01)。各生态景观的碱化特征在4个剖面层间均差异极显著(P0.01),羊草+狗尾草的pH、碱化度(ESP)和含盐量在4个剖面层中均低于其它生态景观的;裸地、碱蓬地、芦苇地(Phragmites australis)和芦苇苔草(Carex dariuscula)草地在4个剖面层的pH、ESP和含盐量均较高;碱蓬地与裸地在0-5cm剖面层的Na~+、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量较高,玉米地、羊草+狗尾草的CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-较低。各植被覆盖地间的离子组成基本呈极显著性差异(P0.01)。由于盐碱化土壤退化到一定程度会变成裸地,不利于改良利用,因此,本研究通过比较不同植被覆盖盐碱地4个剖面层的养分状况和碱化特征,认为羊草+狗尾草覆盖有利于盐碱化土壤的改良。     

四氯联苯对鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞的毒性影响

采用四氯联苯处理发育至Ⅹ期的白来航鸡种蛋,孵化5.5天后取出胚胎进行全固定,用石蜡切片和PAS染色(高碘酸希夫试剂)研究四氯联苯对鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的影响.结果表明,四氯联苯对发育至5.5日胚龄的鸡胚性腺PGCs数量和结构有明显影响,但雌二醇处理的5.5日胚龄鸡胚PGCs数量变化不显著,其结构无明显变化.表明四氯联苯对5.5日胚龄的鸡胚性腺PGCs的影响主要来自于其毒性作用.     

钠离子对仔猪小肠刷状缘膜囊二肽跨膜转运的影响

为研究Na 在仔猪小肠Gly-Pro跨膜转运中的作用,采用同位素示踪及体外孵育技术,观察在不同Na 浓度梯度条件下Gly-Pro在仔猪小肠刷状缘膜囊(brush border membrane vesicles,BBMV)的跨膜转运量。结果表明:(1)用K 替代Na ,并没有降低Gly-Pro在BBMV中的转运量,在孵育前20min时间内,Gly-Pro的转运量稍稍提高;(2)Na 可使BBMV对L-丙氨酸的转运量提高到4.6倍,但不影响Gly-Pro的转运;二氢骆驼蓬碱显著地降低L-丙氨酸的转运,但对Gly-Pro的转运无影响。研究提示,Gly-Pro在仔猪小肠BBMV体系中的转运与Na 不存在依赖性的关系。     

银合欢对肉鸡临床毒性及减毒的研究

为研究银合欢对肉鸡的临床毒性和减毒作用,250只10日龄AA肉鸡随机分为五组,每组50只.在试验组的日粮中分别添加5%,10%,20%的银合欢进行试验,为期50天.通过对肉鸡生产性能,血液激素水平和粪中含羞草素含量的测定,结果显示适量添加银合欢可增加平均日增重,平均日采食量,减低饲料消耗率.银合欢的安全添加量应不超过饲料量的5%.     

Mobiloization of intracellular calcium ions in chicken and rat lymphocytes induced by T cell mitogens

Cytosolic Ca²⁺ is known to be an important factor in intracellular signaling pathways that regulate several cellular functions. The present study was designed to measure the intracellular concentrations of Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) in T cell mitogen-stimulated chicken lymphocytes, and to compare the results with those in rat lymphocytes. [Ca²⁺]_i was increased in the thymocytes, splenocytes and bursacytes of chickens, and in the thymocytes and splenocytes of rats following exposure to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA). Increases were greatest in the thymocytes followed by the splenocytes and bursacytes. The PHA-induced changes in the thymocytes and splenocytes were similar in chickens and rats, but the ConA-induced increases were significantly lower in the chickens than rats. Pretreatment with EGTA before the application of PHA and ConA completely suppressed the rise in [Ca²⁺]_i in all the chicken lymphocytes, indicating that the increases that occurred in PHA- and ConA-treated chicken lymphocytes could be entirely attributed to the influx of extracellular Ca²⁺. On the other hand, the PHA- and ConA-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]_i in rat lymphocytes was not completely suppressed by EGTA, indicating the recruitment of Ca²⁺ from the intracellular Ca²⁺ pool. The results suggest species differences in the Ca²⁺-based responses to T cell mitogens between chicken lymphocytes and rat lymphocytes.     

乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险评估

全面综述了乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险。介绍了硫氰酸盐在生鲜乳中保鲜使用情况,乳中硫氰酸盐的正常生理浓度和检测方法,乳及人体内硫氰酸盐的来源和影响因素,乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的毒性作用及风险评估。     

Permethrin toxicity in cats: a retrospective study of 20 cases

OBJECTIVE: Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid widely used in flea control products for small animals. Accidental toxicity can occur with off-label usage, and cats are particularly susceptible. METHODS: Retrospective study of 20 cases of permethrin toxicity in cats treated at an emergency clinic in Brisbane, Queensland from October 2004 to June 2005. RESULTS: The diagnosis of permethrin toxicity was made on the basis of a history of exposure and characteristic clinical signs, including seizures, muscle fasciculations, and tremors. Decontamination and appropriate seizure or muscle fasciculation control were the basis of treatment. The outcome was good after rapid intervention and 19 of the 20 cats were successfully treated, with the only death occurring in a kitten for which treatment was delayed for 24 h. No long-term complications were reported by the cats' owners at 4-month follow-up after discharge from hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Owner education, together with more appropriate product labelling, may help eliminate this problem in the future.