我国农业利用外资的现状、问题及对策

农业是国民经济的基础,是我国鼓励外商投资的重点产业之一。合理有效地利用外资有利于农业的产业化,有利于实现从传统农业向现代农业的转变。在对改革开放20多年来我国农业利用外资现状和特征分析的基础上,探讨了制约我国农业利用外资的主要因素,提出了促进我国农业利用外资的策略。     

社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率的影响

探究社会资本对农户投资效率的影响与机制对提高农户种粮收益、提升粮食综合生产能力具有重要意义。基于2021年江苏省6县(区)401户农户调查数据,运用数据包络分析方法测算水稻种植户的投资效率,采用Tobit模型实证分析社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率的影响,并检验其作用机制。研究结果表明:样本水稻种植户投资效率整体偏低,平均产出效率和收入效率分别为0.66和0.50。不同类型社会资本对水稻种植户投资效率均有显著正向影响。其中,亲友型和身份型社会资本通过促进生产性借贷资金投入提高投资效率;组织型和企业型社会资本则通过拓展销售渠道发挥作用。异质性分析表明,社会资本对不同效率水平的种植户以及不同劳动力流动水平下的影响存在显著差异。据此,建议应充分发挥社会资本的积极作用,通过大力扶持新型农业经营主体、推行多方联动贷款模式、加快农业全产业链建设等途径促进农户投资效率稳步提升。     

青海省东部地区乡村林业经营体制和资金投资的若干问题探讨

青海东部地区位于黄土高原西部边陲,青藏高原东部接壤的过渡地带,总面积266万hm_²左右。是青海省水土流失最为严重的地区,因此本地区的林业在国民经济中具有重大意义。而乡村林业在本区林业生产中又居举足轻重的地位。以乐都为例,2012年全县造林面积乡村造林占87.8％,2013年则占92.9%,2014年占99.8％。所以乡村林业生产的好坏,不仅主宰着本地区林业事业的成败,同时也关系到一个良好的生态系统的最后形成,从而也直接影响能否最后根治黄河的大业。     

焉耆盆地葡萄滴灌工程建设及效益分析

以新疆焉耆盆地西北部的葡萄滴灌为例,开展工程建设规划设计、投资预算,并进行综合效益进分析,科学评价葡萄滴灌的可行性。实践证明,葡萄滴灌收益率高,经济效益好,可以在焉耆盆地大面积推广应用。     

贸易战背景下新型城镇化政策助力经济增长

由于国际贸易保护主义抬头和产业结构转型升级等内外挑战,当前我国经济面临着较 大的下行压力,尤其在对外贸易方面。由于中美贸易战的持续性和不确定性,经济增长三驾马 车中的出口拉动作用不断下降,因此,消费和投资成为促经济增长,增加经济活力的必要选项。 党的十九大提出的新型城镇化建设为增加我国居民消费和带动投资需求提供了良好的政策平 台。通过新型城镇化建设,有效带动消费和投资增长,成为我国经济发展新的增长点。     

集体林地不同经营模式对林地经营投入的影响——以江西省为例

【目的】试图回答集体林地不同经营模式对农户林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响,以促进森林资源增长和林业可持续发展。【方法】基于江西省集体林区10个样本县50个样本村500户农户调查数据,运用计量模型分析联户经营、股份合作经营对农户林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响。【结果】联户经营对农户是否参与资金投入具有显著促进作用,其影响系数为1.013,且联户经营对农户资金投入规模也具有显著正向影响,对资金总投入和单位面积投入的影响系数分别为4.174 和1.909;股份合作经营对农户劳动力投入规模具有显著正向影响,对劳动力总投入和单位面积投入的影响系数分别为0.521 和0.180;股份合作经营对采伐政策具有正向调节作用,联户经营和股份合作经营能够减轻偏远山区交通不便对劳动力投入的限制;农户家庭人力资本、林地状况、经济能力等禀赋对农户林地经营投入也具有不同程度影响。【结论】联户经营和股份合作经营能够促进农户林地经营投入,但目前发展程度较低,对林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响存在较大差异。为促进林业可持续发展,应引导联户经营和股份合作经营的规范化、程序化,尤其在交通偏远的地区,倡导联户经营和股份合作经营,发挥其成员多、信息广等优势;同时,加强集体林权配套改革和林区基础设施改善,增强农户营林积极性。     

宁夏建立清真产业股权投资基金的现状与对策

结合宁夏清真产业发展的现状及存在的问题，就设立清真产业股权投资基金，增加清真企业股权投资，增强清真企业融资能力，改善投资结构，加快宁夏清真产业发展进行阐述。     

中国乳企境外发展战略及对策研究

境外发展已经成为中国乳企提升竞争力的必然趋势和重要动力。在稳定奶源、优化升级与品牌开拓三阶段战略定位指引下,中国乳企主要通过收购、合资、独资以及战略合作四大模式实施境外发展,目前中国乳企境外发展主要受到融资、竞争力不足与政策风险、经营管理风险、国际型人才匮乏等方面的制约,本文从企业和政府2个视角提出了促进中国乳企境外发展的对策建议。     

Opportunities for investment into small ruminant breeding programmes in Brazil

The social contribution of goat and sheep industries is very important to many Brazilian families mainly in semi‐arid regions of the country. However, the productive chains of these two species in Brazil are unorganized and ultimately informal. On the other hand, there is potential for growth and development to which an upscaling of breeding programmes will be essential. Historically, many attempts to structure these programmes have been unsuccessful. Inadequate understanding of how to achieve genetic improvement often leading to distributing unsuitable exotic genetics among the producers is one of the reasons for the failure. Another important factor is related to the sources of funding and the priorities for the use of funds. According to the experience and the state of the art in Brazil, the priorities for funding must be in the characterization of the different systems and animal genetic resources, organization of information collection procedures and national databanks, training of technicians and producers and development of system to enable animal evaluation.     

Incorporating agroforestry practices in the management of walnut plantations in Dauphiné, France: an analysis of farmers‘ motivations

The Dauphiné province in south-eastern France is a major area for walnut orchards. Growers manage their orchards with some specific agroforestry features: grafted walnut trees may be pruned to form a bottom log with a timber end use (dual purpose trees), and intercrops may be grown between the tree lines. These agroforestry practices are however only partially adopted. Three surveys were conducted in 1993, 1995 and 1996 to elicit the farmer motivations for adopting or rejecting agroforestry management features. The walnut industry is a key activity in two parts of Dauphiné: the Isère valley, and the Diois basin. The reasons for adoption of agroforestry practices are discussed. In the Isère valley, the priority is given to walnut production in specialised farms, and the extension services are opposed to agroforestry practices. In the dryer Diois area, the main explanations for agroforestry adoption were the welfare of the farmer family, the age of the farm manager, and the contribution of walnut production to the family income. Dual purpose management schemes were characterised by extended investment return delays, but proved to be the most rewarding schemes when practised with intercrops. A very extensive tree management with few pest control operations improved the profitability. Intensive orchards had a low bequest value at the time of inheritance, in contrast to dual-purpose orchards. The age of the farmer at planting time appeared to be a key criterion for agroforestry management adoption. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.