粗集-神经网络在农业工程项目评估中的应用

该文提出一种基于粗集-神经网络项目评估新方法,该方法应用粗糙集理论对神经网络的输入数据进行预处理,提取其中的关键成分作为网络的输入,提高了神经网络的收敛速度和逼近精度,并以中国农业水利工程项目为背景进行了实例研究,结果表明,建立的模型不仅较公平、合理,而且提高了神经网络模型的学习效率。     

青海省大通县退耕还林生态功能综合评价

根据生态经济学原理,采用层次分析法（AHP）,建立了黄河上游退耕还林还草综合生态效益评价指标体系和数学模型。以青海大通县为例,对天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然荒草地、天然灌丛等植被类型进行综合生态效益评价,与农田生态系统进行对比研究。评价结果表明：天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然灌丛等类型的生态效益指数均大于农田生态系统,其综合生态效益指数排列顺序为,天然云杉林＞退耕林地＞天然灌丛＞农地＞天然荒草地。这一研究结果可为黄河上游退耕还林生态工程建设提供参考。     

区域土地资源安全评价初探——以重庆市为例

针对土地资源利用过程中出现的粮食安全问题、土地生态质量问题及土地经济、社会安全问题,参照压力一状态一响应(PRS)评价模式,构建评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定权重,运用二次函数综合的方法对区域土地资源安全程度作了评价。研究表明,重庆市土地资源处于初步安全状态,从1999年和2004年土地综合安全值来看,土地资源安全整体状况处于好转之中。     

陕西省生态遥感监测与评价研究

通过对研究区CBERS—2影像进行预处理、建立解译标志、人工判读、分类等过程得到了陕西省县级土地利用数据库;以此为依据,按照生态环境质量评价技术标准进行生态环境质量指数计算,最后得到该区2004年生态环境质量综合评价结果:陕北黄土高原地区生态环境质量一般,榆林地区环境较差;中南部地区环境质量良好,其中秦岭地区环境质量优。将计算结果与该区2000年的评价结果对比分析得出:全省环境质量总体上呈现不同程度的提高,其中关中平原地区生态环境显著改善,但也有少数地区环境继续恶化。     

泥石流危险度的模糊综合评判

泥石流沟谷是一个复杂的“模糊”系统,它是由多种因素构成,应用模糊综合评判法,选取了7个因子作为泥石流危险度划分的主要关联因子,并且运用了灰色系统关联度分析法确定了评价因子隶属度,对泥石流沟谷危险程度进行了判别,其评价结果显示了模糊评判法具有较高的判别准确度,为进行有效的灾害防治提供了可靠的科学依据。     

旅游地生态安全评价研究——以开封市为例

以生态安全理论为基础,根据压力-状态-响应模型,从资源环境压力、资源环境状态和人文环境响应3个方面构建了旅游地生态评价的指标体系。在此基础上,以开封市为研究对象,对开封旅游的生态安全进行了定量的研究,提出了开封市旅游生态安全建设的若干建议。     

青海大通退耕还林生态功能综合评价

根据生态经济学原理,采用层次分析法(AHP),建立了黄河上游退耕还林还草综合生态效益评价指标体系和数学模型。以青海大通县为例,对天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然荒草地、天然灌丛等植被类型进行综合生态效益评价,与农田生态系统进行对比研究。评价结果表明:天然云杉林、退耕林地、天然灌丛等类型的生态效益指数均大于农田生态系统,其综合生态效益指数排列顺序为,天然云杉林>退耕林地>天然灌丛>农地>天然荒草地。这一研究结果可为黄河上游退耕还林生态工程建设提供参考。     

Evaluation of emmer wheat and other Triticeae for resistance to Russian wheat aphid

Summary During the winters of 1990/91 and 1991/92, 181 accessions of Triticum dicoccon Schrank from the CIMMYT gene-bank were screened in the field for resistance to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). Accessions were sown in hill plots of 10 seeds and artificially infested with D. noxia at the two-leaf growth stage. Hills were visually assessed for damage at tillering, booting and heading. Entries differed significantly in their reaction to D. noxia, and severity of symptoms increased with time. Twenty four of the entries were highly resistant to the aphid. In winter 1991/92, 807 accessions of wild and cultivated wheats (26 species) and synthetic hexaploids were screened similarly for resistance to D. noxia. A large number of A-genome species were resistant, while few D-genome species were identified as resistant. These newly discovered sources of resistance can be used to expand the genetic base of resistance to D. noxia in both bread (T. aestivum L.) and durum wheats (T. turgidum L. convar. durum (Desf.) Mackey).     

Effects of low nitrogen nutrition on plant growth characteristics and nitrogen accumulation in Chinese natural bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) germplasm resources

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass and has the highest nitrogen (N) fertilization requirements among turfgrasses. Wild ecotype found in N-poor habitats can potentially tolerant N limiting conditions for reducing N inputs in the turf industry. However, the extent of variation in their low N tolerance has remained unclear. We conducted hydroponic experiments to evaluate the variation on growth, N accumulation, and partitioning of wild bermudagrass from China pre-core collection under normal (5 mM) and limited (0.05 mM) N levels in two experiments. The results showed that low N nutrition significantly decreased clipping growth, while had no effects on verdure and root growth; in addition, the magnitude of clippings N accumulation reduction was higher than verdure and root across all accessions. However, significant genetic variations in all studied traits except for root N content in experiment 2 were found among accessions. Using a cluster analysis, 56 accessions in experiment 1 and 12 accessions in experiment 2 were classified into four groups and two groups separately. The accessions with superior low N tolerance had improved growth and accumulated more N in the verdure and roots; it is interesting that other accessions with low N tolerance had different tolerance mechanisms and transferred more N nutrition from the roots to the clippings to maintain better turf quality. The different molds in low N tolerance suggest that there is much potential for improving low N tolerance among Chinese natural bermudagrass accessions.